Hydrogeochemical characterization and determination of natural background levels (NBL) in groundwater within the main lithological units in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Serianz ◽  
Sonja Cerar ◽  
Mojca Šraj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Background ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Characterization

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic Arsenic Sources in Groundwater Flow Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Avila-Sandoval ◽  
Hugo Júnez-Ferreira ◽  
Julián González-Trinidad ◽  
Carlos Bautista-Capetillo ◽  
Anuard Pacheco-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The presence of arsenic in groundwater constitutes a hazard for the environment and human health, and the determination of its source has become a global challenge, which can be approached by defining the natural background levels (NBL) in conjunction with the indicator kriging method, with the aim of delineating anthropogenically contaminated areas. However, having a unique value of NBL for large areas can generate interpretation errors. This research integrates the determination of the flow systems present in the Calera Aquifer, and the definition of the natural background levels in each flow system by making estimation maps in ArcGIS using two databases, 10 years apart, to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation of arsenic in groundwater. The results indicate a notable increase in the probability of exceeding the arsenic NBL, mainly in the intermediate flow, which may be due to movement resulting from mining activities as well as a mixture of regional and intermediate flows caused by the extraction of water for agriculture and drinking water supplies. The presented values exceed the maximum limits allowed for human consumption, as stated by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Measurement of the 36Cl deposition flux in central Japan: natural background levels and seasonal variability

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tosaki ◽  
Norio Tase ◽  
Kimikazu Sasa ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Yasuo Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Background Levels

Natural background levels and threshold values for groundwater in fluvial Pleistocene and Tertiary marine aquifers in Flanders, Belgium

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Coetsiers ◽  
Petra Blaser ◽  
Kristine Martens ◽  
Kristine Walraevens
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Values ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Background Levels

scholarly journals Protocol for examining and eliminating base editor-induced genome-wide and transcriptome-wide off-target mutations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Wei Xue ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Runze Gao ◽  
Houyuan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cytidine Deaminases ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Plasmid Construction ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Deoxycytidine Deaminase

Abstract Fusion of CRISPR-Cas9 with cytidine deaminases leads to base editors (BEs) for programmable C-to-T editing, which holds potentials in clinical applications but suffers from off-target (OT) mutations. Here, we applied a cleavable deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor (dCDI) domain to construct a transformer BE (tBE) system that induces efficient editing with only background levels of genome-wide and transcriptome-wide OT mutations. This step-by-step protocol describes the plasmid construction of tBE system, determination of genome/transcriptome-wide OT mutations and tBE-mediated base editing in vivo.

Comparing methods to estimate chloride natural background levels to assess sea water intrusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pulido-Velazquez ◽  
Leticia Baena-Ruiz ◽  
Denitza Voutchkova ◽  
Birgitte Hansen ◽  
Klaus Hinsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Perform Sensitivity Analysis

<p>In order to assess the anthropogenic impacts on groundwater quality we generally need to identify the natural conditions or Natural background levels (NBLs) within groundwater systems, which are used as references to assess the evolution of the contamination status. This information, in addition to the threshold values (TVs), which are derived from NBLs and based on specific criteria values for legitimate water uses and the environment (terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems), is required to appropriately assess of the chemical status of groundwater in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive and to analyse and propose potential measures where they are required.</p><p>In literature, different methodologies are available to assess NBLs and reference TVs for different geochemical substances based on the available measurements of groundwater salinity (e.g. based on probability plots). In this work we analyze and compare three previously proposed methods for derivation of chloride NBLs, which is a conservation solute and is closely related to salt water intrusion in inland and coastal aquifers. We discuss and compare their applicability in pilots located in different settings (southern /northern European / Mediteranean/ North Sea /Baltic Sea) covering different typologies (detrital, karstic, fissured aquifers) and management issues (overexploitation, land use and land cover changes, etc). We perform sensitivity analysis to different constraints applied to remove samples affected by human activity (Nitrate and the brackish saline constraints) in the assessment of NBLs. Finally, based on this analysis, we propose a general approach for derivation of NBLs that could be applied to any of the tested pilots as well as other similar settings in Europe.</p><p> </p><p>This research has been partially supported by the SIGLO-AN project (RTI2018-101397-B-I00) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad).</p><p>This work has been partially supported by the GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and GeoE.171.008-HOVER projects from GeoERA organization funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.</p>

Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushane province, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-957
Author(s):  
Selim Kaya ◽  
Ali Kaya ◽  
Necati Çelik ◽  
Rasim Taylan Kara ◽  
Halim Taşkın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Natural Background
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