Interannual variability in the sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Juan Ouyang ◽  
Chunhua Qiu ◽  
Zhenhui Yi ◽  
Dongxiao Wang ◽  
Danyi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface Cooling

scholarly journals Effects of Model Coupling on Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) Simulation in the South China Sea

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Kenny T.C. Lim Kam Sian ◽  
Changming Dong ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Renhao Wu ◽  
Han Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Model Coupling ◽  
The South ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Fully Coupled

Typhoon Kalmaegi (2014) in the South China Sea (SCS) is simulated using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–wave model (COAWST). A set of sensitivity experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of different model coupling combinations on the typhoon simulation. Model results are validated by employing in-situ data at four locations in the SCS, and best-track and satellite data. Correlation and root-mean-square difference are used to assess the simulation quality. A skill score system is defined from these two statistical criteria to evaluate the performance of model experiments relative to a baseline. Atmosphere–ocean feedback is crucial for accurate simulations. Our baseline experiment successfully reconstructs the atmospheric and oceanic conditions during Typhoon Kalmaegi. Typhoon-induced sea surface cooling that weakens the system due to less heat and moisture availability is captured best in a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)-coupled run. The Simulated Wave Nearshore (SWAN)-coupled run has demonstrated the ability to estimate sea surface roughness better. Intense winds lead to a larger surface roughness where more heat and momentum are exchanged, while the rougher surface causes more friction, slowing down surface winds. From our experiments, we show that these intricate interactions require a fully coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)–ROMS–SWAN model to best reproduce the environment during a typhoon.

scholarly journals Modulation of Typhoon-Induced Sea Surface Cooling by Preexisting Eddies in the South China Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Jianmin Yu ◽  
Sheng Lin ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Yuntao Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface Cooling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anticyclonic Eddies ◽  
Typhoon Tracks

The interactions between mesoscale eddies and typhoons are important for understanding the oceanic environment, but large variance is identified in each case because of the complex underlying dynamics. Fifteen-year datasets of typhoon tracks and eddy tracks in the South China Sea (SCS) are employed to comprehensively determine the influence of preexisting eddies on typhoon-induced sea surface cooling (SSC). Typhoons with high wind speeds and slow translation speeds induce large SSC in summer and autumn, when more than 80% of typhoons occur during a year. The relative locations of typhoons and eddies are used to classify their distributions, and four groups are identified, with typhoons traversing to the left or right of cyclonic or anticyclonic eddies. Generally, cyclonic eddies (CEs) located to the right of a typhoon track can result in a large cooling core, but anticyclonic eddies (AEs) can interrupt the cooling band along the right side of typhoon tracks. The recovery from typhoon-induced SSC takes longer than 15 days, though preexisting AEs can induce a rapid rebound after reaching the minimum sea surface temperature (SST). In addition, the dependence of SSCs on a typhoon’s features, such as wind speed and translation speed, are amplified (reduced) by CEs (AEs). The enhancement of typhoon-induced local SSC by CEs is counterbalanced by the suppression of SSC by AEs; thus, the overall impacts of CEs and AEs on typhoon-induced local SSC are relatively weak in the SCS.

scholarly journals Purpleback Flying Squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea: Growth, Resources and Association with the Environment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Chunxu Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Shen ◽  
Andrew Bakun ◽  
Yunrong Yan ◽  
Bin Kang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Sthenoteuthis Oualaniensis

The purpleback flying squid (Ommastrephidae: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) is an important species at higher trophic levels of the regional marine ecosystem in the South China Sea (SCS), where it is considered to show the potential for fishery development. Accordingly, under increasing climatic and environmental changes, understanding the nature and importance of various factors that determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of S. oualaniensis in the SCS is of great scientific and socio-economic interest. Using generalized additive model (GAM) methods, we analyzed the relationship between available environmental factors and catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of S. oualaniensis. The body size of S. oualaniensis in the SCS was relatively small (<19.4 cm), with a shorter lifespan than individuals in other seas. The biological characteristics indicate that S. oualaniensis in the SCS showed a positive allometric growth, and could be suitably described by the logistic growth equation. In our study, the sea areas with higher CPUE were mainly distributed at 10°–11° N, with a 27–28 °C sea surface temperature (SST) range, a sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) of −0.05–0.05 m, and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) higher than 0.18 μg/L. The SST was the most important factor in the GAM analysis and the best fitting GAM model explained 67.9% of the variance. Understanding the biological characteristics and habitat status of S. oualaniensis in the SCS will benefit the management of this resource.

scholarly journals Climatological analysis of passage-type tropical cyclones from the Western North Pacific into the South China Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Ming Chen ◽  
Pei-Hua Tan ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Jin-Shuen Liu ◽  
Hui-Shan Chen
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
South China ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

Application of deep learning technique to the sea surface height prediction in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Tao Song ◽  
Ningsheng Han ◽  
Yuhang Zhu ◽  
Zhongwei Li ◽  
Yineng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Sea Surface Height ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Height Prediction
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