scholarly journals Bovine immunodeficiency virus: a lentiviral infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Bhatia ◽  
S. S. Patil ◽  
R. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lentiviral Infection

scholarly journals Bovine HEXIM1 inhibits bovine immunodeficiency virus replication through regulating BTat-mediated transactivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-yan Guo ◽  
Yong-gang Ma ◽  
Yuan-ming Gai ◽  
Zhi-bin Liang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Host Restriction Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1): A Dynamic Interplay Involving All Phases of the Viral Life Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa D`Urbano ◽  
Elisa De Crignis ◽  
Maria Carla Re
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Type I ◽  
Restriction Factors ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Host Restriction Factors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lentiviral Infection ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Hiv 1

Mammalian cells have evolved several mechanisms to prevent or block lentiviral infection and spread. Among the innate immune mechanisms, the signaling cascade triggered by type I interferon (IFN) plays a pivotal role in limiting the burden of HIV-1. In the presence of IFN, human cells upregulate the expression of a number of genes, referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of them acting as antiviral restriction factors (RFs). RFs are dominant proteins that target different essential steps of the viral cycle, thereby providing an early line of defense against the virus. The identification and characterization of RFs have provided unique insights into the molecular biology of HIV-1, further revealing the complex host-pathogen interplay that characterizes the infection. The presence of RFs drove viral evolution, forcing the virus to develop specific proteins to counteract their activity. The knowledge of the mechanisms that prevent viral infection and their viral counterparts may offer new insights to improve current antiviral strategies. This review provides an overview of the RFs targeting HIV-1 replication and the mechanisms that regulate their expression as well as their impact on viral replication and the clinical course of the disease.

scholarly journals Gamma Interferon/Interleukin 10 Balance in Tissue Lymphocytes Correlates with Down Modulation of Mucosal Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 4011-4019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Avery ◽  
Edward A. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lentiviral Infection ◽  
Lentiviral Infections

ABSTRACT Understanding the early cytokine response to lentiviral infections may be critical to the design of prevention and treatment strategies. By using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model, we have documented an interleukin 10 (IL10)-dominated response in lymphoid tissue CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes within the first 4 weeks after mucosal FIV infection. This profile coincided with the period of high tissue viral replication. By 10 weeks postinfection, tissue viral levels decreased significantly, and gamma interferon (IFNγ) production in CD8+ T cells had increased to restore the IL10/IFNγ ratio to control levels. Concurrently, increased production of IL6 and viral RNA was detected in macrophages. These temporal associations of viral replication with cytokine balance in tissues suggest roles for IL10 in the permissive stage of infection and IFNγ in the subsequent down modulation of lentiviral infection.

A Synthetic Rev-Independent Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Packaging Construct

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 865-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene P. Molina ◽  
Hongqing Q. Ye ◽  
James Brady ◽  
Jingli Zhang ◽  
Heather Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Functional Differences between Human and Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Transcription Factors

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 4666-4671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal P. Bogerd ◽  
Heather L. Wiegand ◽  
Paul D. Bieniasz ◽  
Bryan R. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Tat Protein ◽  
Cyclin T1 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Cofactor ◽  
Ltr Promoter ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Transcriptional transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the essential viral Tat protein requires recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the viral TAR RNA target. The recruitment of P-TEFb, which has been proposed to be necessary and sufficient for activation of viral gene expression, is mediated by the highly cooperative interaction of Tat and cyclin T1, an essential component of P-TEFb, with the HIV-1 TAR element. Species, such as rodents, that encode cyclin T1 variants that are unable to support TAR binding by the Tat-cyclin T1 heterodimer are also unable to support HIV-1 Tat function. In contrast, we here demonstrate that the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Tat protein is fully able to bind to BIV TAR both in vivo and in vitro in the absence of any cellular cofactor. Nevertheless, BIV Tat can specifically recruit cyclin T1 to the BIV TAR element, and this recruitment is as essential for BIV Tat function as it is for HIV-1 Tat activity. However, because the cyclin T1 protein does not contribute to TAR binding, BIV Tat is able to function effectively in cells from several species that do not support HIV-1 Tat function. Thus, BIV Tat, while apparently dependent on the same cellular cofactor as the Tat proteins encoded by other lentiviruses, is nevertheless unique in terms of the mechanism used to recruit the BIV Tat-cyclin T1 complex to the viral LTR promoter.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in bovines from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
A.P.S. Rodrigues ◽  
A.A. Fonseca Júnior ◽  
G.K. Lima ◽  
J.M. Bicalho ◽  
R.C. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude St-Louis ◽  
Mihaela Cojocariu ◽  
Denis Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Visna Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Molecular Aspects

AbstractBovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) was first isolated in 1969 from a cow, R-29, with a wasting syndrome. The virus isolated induced the formation of syncytia in cell cultures and was structurally similar to maedi-visna virus. Twenty years later, it was demonstrated that the bovine R-29 isolate was indeed a lentivirus with striking similarity to the human immunodeficiency virus. Like other lentiviruses, BIV has a complex genomic structure characterized by the presence of several regulatory/accessory genes that encode proteins, some of which are involved in the regulation of virus gene expression. This manuscript aims to review biological and, more particularly, molecular aspects of BIV, with emphasis on regulatory/accessory viral genes/proteins, in comparison with those of other lentiviruses.

Thermal inactivation of bovine immunodeficiency virus.

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4280-4283 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Moore ◽  
D Keil ◽  
K S Coats
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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