Ghost symmetry and an analogue of Steinitz’s theorem

Author(s):  
David A. Richter
1997 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Kadets ◽  
Vladimir M. Kadets
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanzhong Li

In this paper, we construct the additional [Formula: see text]-symmetry and ghost symmetry of two-lattice field integrable hierarchies. Using the symmetry constraint, we construct constrained two-lattice integrable systems which contain several new integrable difference equations. Under a further reduction, the constrained two-lattice integrable systems can be combined into one single integrable system, namely the well-known one-dimensional original Toda hierarchy. We prove that the one-dimensional original Toda hierarchy has a nice Block Lie symmetry.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Massouros ◽  
Christos Massouros

The various branches of Mathematics are not separated between themselves. On the contrary, they interact and extend into each other’s sometimes seemingly different and unrelated areas and help them advance. In this sense, the Hypercompositional Algebra’s path has crossed, among others, with the paths of the theory of Formal Languages, Automata and Geometry. This paper presents the course of development from the hypergroup, as it was initially defined in 1934 by F. Marty to the hypergroups which are endowed with more axioms and allow the proof of Theorems and Propositions that generalize Kleen’s Theorem, determine the order and the grade of the states of an automaton, minimize it and describe its operation. The same hypergroups lie underneath Geometry and they produce results which give as Corollaries well known named Theorems in Geometry, like Helly’s Theorem, Kakutani’s Lemma, Stone’s Theorem, Radon’s Theorem, Caratheodory’s Theorem and Steinitz’s Theorem. This paper also highlights the close relationship between the hyperfields and the hypermodules to geometries, like projective geometries and spherical geometries.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Chuanzhong Li ◽  
Xinyue Li ◽  
Fushan Li

Based on the W∞ symmetry of the q-deformed Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (q-KP) hierarchy, which is a q-deformation of the KP hierarchy, we construct the quantum torus symmetry of the q-KP hierarchy, which further leads to the quantum torus constraint of its tau function. Moreover, we generalize the system to a multi-component q-KP hierarchy that also has the well-known ghost symmetry.


Author(s):  
Sami Mezal Almohammad ◽  
Zsolt Lángi ◽  
Márton Naszódi

AbstractSteinitz’s theorem states that a graph G is the edge-graph of a 3-dimensional convex polyhedron if and only if, G is simple, plane and 3-connected. We prove an analogue of this theorem for ball polyhedra, that is, for intersections of finitely many unit balls in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$ R 3 .


2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1736
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Kawamura
Keyword(s):  

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 053514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jipeng Cheng ◽  
Jingsong He ◽  
Sen Hu
Keyword(s):  

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