Abstract
This paper reports the development and testing, of a Phosphate controlled dissolution glass composition used to strengthen the matrix of chalk whilst retaining the permeability of the rock, facilitating improved hydrocarbon recovery in unstable wells.
Multiple versions of the glass solutions and different types of colloidal silica were extensively tested in the laboratory to determine injectability and reactivity with calcium carbonate rocks. The goal of the testing was to determine the best performing solution for use in a field trial in the Norwegian North Sea. The laboratory testing included filtration and core flood tests to determine the injectability of the solutions and post treatment permeability, and Brazilian strength tests to determine the tensile strength of the treated chalk cores. The filterability was tested through filter screen sizes ranging from 5 to 0.6 µm. Core flood testing was performed on 10 cm long chalk cores with 1.5 mD permeability.
The glass solutions showed the best results in the filtration and core flood testing, achieving significantly greater invasion depth than any of the colloidal silica samples. The phosphate glass treated chalk cores maintained 70 to 100% of the original permeability while delivering a 3 to 5 fold tensile strength increase. The lab tests demonstrated the potential of a glass based treatment to strengthen chalk formations without impeding permeability.Based on the promising results from the lab tests, it was decided to trial the selected glass solution in a mature vertical proppant fractured well. The test confirmed that the glass solution could be pumped into the well, but the test failed pre-maturely after two months of varied production, and the trial will not be covered in this paper.However, due to the high value in being able to stabilize chalk in the field, the Operator is evaluating a new trial in a horizontal well, and learnings from the first trial will be used to inform further lab tests in the next phase.
The glass solution used in this trial is being further developed to be used in other formation types, such as sand and non-calcium containing reservoirs.
A method for simultaneously determining axial permeability and transverse permeability of tight reservoir cores by canister degassing test
