Experimental Study on Type and Accuracy Optimization of Sand Control in Sand-Producing Heavy Oil Well

This paper proposes a set of methods for selecting the type of sand control screen and optimizing the accuracy in heavy oil Wells, which take into account the requirements of sand control and productivity protection in heavy oil Wells. Sand retaining experiments are carried out with slotted screen, wire wrapped screen and metal filter screen under the condition of oil and water mixed sand carrying flow. In order to optimize the sand control screen suitable for heavy oil well, this paper uses the weighted average method to quantitatively evaluate the flow performance, sand retention performance and oil conductivity of the screen. Then, repeat the experiment by changing the accuracy of the screen to optimize the accuracy. The experimental results show that the permeability of the three kinds of sand control screens is about 2μm2 when only heavy oil plugging occurs. Under the combined plugging action of formation sand and heavy oil, the slotted screen has the highest permeability, and its conductivity to heavy oil is 10% higher than that of the other two screens. The silk-wound screen has the best sand retention performance, with a sand retention rate of more than 90%. Through the quantitative evaluation of the sand control performance of three kinds of screens in different production stages of heavy oil Wells, the slit screen is selected as the optimal screen. For simulated formation sand with a median particle size of 250μm, the optimal sand control accuracy is 200μm. This paper provides a quantitative optimization method of screen type and accuracy for sand control design of sand-producing heavy oil Wells, so as to maximize the productivity under the premise of ensuring sand-producing control of heavy oil Wells.

Research on head loss of pre-pump micro-pressure filter under clean water conditions

Filters are important pieces of equipment to ensure the normal operation of micro-irrigation systems, and the head loss is a key indicator to evaluate their hydraulic performances. To reduce the head loss and energy consumption, a new type of filter for treating surface water – the pre-pump micro-pressure filter was proposed. The pre-pump micro-pressure filter was studied, and physical model tests on the flow rate, water separator type, and filter screen area were conducted under clean water conditions. Statistical and dimensional analysis methods were used to analyze the test results. Our results showed that the order of the factors affecting the head loss of the filter was flow rate > water separator type > filter screen area. The various water separator types showed no significant differences in terms of head loss, while the different flow rates showed significant differences. A head loss prediction model was constructed, and the coefficient of determination R2 reached 0.987. Our results can provide technical support for new filter development and enrich the theory of micro-pressure filtration.

The Use of Controlled Dissolution Glass for the Consolidation of a High Porosity Chalk

This paper reports the development and testing, of a Phosphate controlled dissolution glass composition used to strengthen the matrix of chalk whilst retaining the permeability of the rock, facilitating improved hydrocarbon recovery in unstable wells. Multiple versions of the glass solutions and different types of colloidal silica were extensively tested in the laboratory to determine injectability and reactivity with calcium carbonate rocks. The goal of the testing was to determine the best performing solution for use in a field trial in the Norwegian North Sea. The laboratory testing included filtration and core flood tests to determine the injectability of the solutions and post treatment permeability, and Brazilian strength tests to determine the tensile strength of the treated chalk cores. The filterability was tested through filter screen sizes ranging from 5 to 0.6 µm. Core flood testing was performed on 10 cm long chalk cores with 1.5 mD permeability. The glass solutions showed the best results in the filtration and core flood testing, achieving significantly greater invasion depth than any of the colloidal silica samples. The phosphate glass treated chalk cores maintained 70 to 100% of the original permeability while delivering a 3 to 5 fold tensile strength increase. The lab tests demonstrated the potential of a glass based treatment to strengthen chalk formations without impeding permeability.Based on the promising results from the lab tests, it was decided to trial the selected glass solution in a mature vertical proppant fractured well. The test confirmed that the glass solution could be pumped into the well, but the test failed pre-maturely after two months of varied production, and the trial will not be covered in this paper.However, due to the high value in being able to stabilize chalk in the field, the Operator is evaluating a new trial in a horizontal well, and learnings from the first trial will be used to inform further lab tests in the next phase. The glass solution used in this trial is being further developed to be used in other formation types, such as sand and non-calcium containing reservoirs.

Development of the juice extraction equipment: physico-mathematical model of the processes

Multifruit juicers are designed, constructed and improved to be able to process pineapples, oranges and watermelons efficiently. Little juice manufacturers need both a small and efficient device for juice extraction for being economically concurrent compared to big corporations. The authors of the represented paper aim to present the experimental device for juice extraction, its effectiveness, and functional. This device was created using the compressive and compressive shear forces conveyed by an auger conveyor system as a working power. The juicer consists of a hopper, a screw conveyor shaft, a filter screen, a juice outlet, gearbox housing, and a motor. The analysis of the component design enabled the authors to use the data in order to identify the sizes, manufacture and assemble the machine. The authors have made a lot of tests to detect the efficiency and functionality of the presented device. Tests of the device productivity were carried out using watermelons loaded into the device both peeled and unpeeled. Percentage of juice yield, juice extraction efficiency and extraction losses were used as performance indicators. Productivity analysis results revealed that a fruit type and peel condition reliably influenced productivity indicators at the value of 1 %. The percentage of juice yield from peeled and unpeeled watermelons constituted 89.5 % and 89.7 %, respectively. Extraction efficiency constituted 96.6 % for peeled watermelons and 97.1 % for unpeeled ones. Extraction losses amounted to 2.9 % and 2.6 % correspondingly. The proposed device is easy to use and maintain, therefore, it will perfectly suit the needs of small fruit juice manufacturers and can help to get economic efficiency to the small manufacture

INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE TREATMENT SHOWER ON THE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL WHEN FORMING A CAVITY FOR AN ANTI-FILTRATION SCREEN

The article presents the results of studies of the interaction of the plowskin part of the mole farmer with soil. The purpose of the study is to determine the rates of relative deformations depending on its geometric and kinematic parameters. This will make it possible to determine the magnitude of the stress components and soil density functions that depend on these stresses. In addition, this will allow us to determine the strength of the soil resistance to the movement of the plow share of the mover. The soil is presented in the form of a model of a viscoelastic medium in such a way that bigaromic potential functions can be used to analyze the interaction, since the final equations are reduced to a system of elliptic equations. Such a statement of the problem and its solution make it possible to obtain dependences of the relationship of the geometric parameters of the ploughshare part of the mover with the components of the strain rates of the soil, as well as the mechanical properties of the soil on the surface of its contact with the ploughshare. These expressions are the initial ones for the further determination of the components of stresses in the soil, which make it possible to determine the compaction of the soil on the walls of the formed cavity for drawing the anti-filter screen and the components of the resistance forces to the ploughshare. Obtaining the final expressions of soil compaction on the molehill walls together with the dependences of the resistance forces will allow us to determine the geometric parameters of the working body, with various mechanical properties of the soil, to ensure the stability of the molehill walls with minimal energy consumption. Such a solution is common for a certain class of problems on the interaction of the working body with the soil, which is represented by a deformable medium in order to determine the directions of changes in deformations or their velocities in order to use them to determine stress components that will allow you to find zones of possible plastic deformations and destruction of soil continuity.

PENGARUH ATTENUASI SINAR-X TERHADAP GREY VALUE COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY

PENGARUH ATTENUASI SINAR-X TERHADAP GREY VALUE COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY. Studi aplikasi radiografi digital dengan sinar-X dan media Imaging Plate dengan pemindai Computed Radiogrphy. Radiografi ini menggunakan Imaging Plate blue (25 mikron) untuk mendapatkan kontras tinggi, kepekaan tinggi dan kualitas bayangan (image) yang baik karena butiran kristal halus. Tujuan radiografi digital menggunakan pemindai Computed Radiography adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan filter screen Pb terhadap grey value radiografi. Telah dilakukan pengujian radiografi menggunakan sinar-X pada Ignition Coil dengan metoda ketebalan tunggal bayangan tunggal menggunakan media Imaging Plate blue dengan pemindai Computed Radiography dan sinar-X dengan parameter pengamatan grey value radiografi. Waktu paparan sinar-X adalah 120 detik. dengan menggunakan tegangan tinggi 130 kV, arus 5 mA, dan jarak sumber ke film (SFD) tegak lurus adalah 1200 mm. Hasil pengujian radiografi digital dengan media Imaging Plate blue dengan pemindai Computed Radiography pada Ignition Coil dengan metoda ketebalan tunggal bayangan tunggal menghasilkan parameter grey value rerata 55429,24; 32759,32; 20616,99; 13122,75; 8825,85 pada ketebalan filter screen Pb (perisai) 0; 0,125 mm; 0,25 mm; 0,375 mm; 0,5 mm. Semakin tebal filter screen Pb menghasilkan grey value yang semakin rendah. Kata kunci : Computed Radiography, filter screen Pb, grey value.

The Enhancement of Pre-Storage Filtration Efficiency for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Malaysia

A conventional design of rainwater harvesting system collects and directs the rainwater through water piping from roof of building to the water storage. The filtration system which locates before the water tank storage and first flush bypass system is the main focus of the research. A filtration system consists of a control volume of filter compartment, filter screen (stainless steel mesh) and water piping that direct the water flow. The filtration efficiency of an existing filter “3P Volume Filter VF1” by industrial company is enhanced. A full scale filter design prototype with filter screen of 1000 μm stainless steel metal mesh is tested to compare with the original filter system design. Three types of water inlet setups are tested. Among the proposed water inlet setups, the 90° inlet setup with extension provides the best filtration rate per unit time, following by the 45° inlet setup. The 45° and 90° inlet setup has similar filtration efficiency at low to medium flow rate while 45° inlet setup has better efficiency at high flow rate. The filtration efficiency with the 90° inlet setup with extension is observed to maintain at highest value at medium to high flow rate. The overall filtration performance achieved by the 90° inlet setup with extension at low to high flow rate is between 34.1 to 35.7%.