Vertigo and balance disturbance due to infarction of the posterolateral superior basal ganglia: a case series

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiao ◽  
Shaoqi Duan ◽  
Genhui Zeng ◽  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Juming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Case Series

Basal ganglia echogenicity in preterm infants: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Harvey ◽  
S. Ryan ◽  
A. Tarrant ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: Damage to the basal ganglia and thalamus (BGT) can be caused by multiple perinatal factors and may be associated with movement disorders, cognitive delay and visual difficulties. Changes in BGT structure, seen as echogenicity on ultrasound, are difficult to objectively quantify. The aetiology, clinical relevance and developmental outcomes of BGT echogenicity are poorly understood. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the natural history of BGT echogenicity in a preterm population. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical course, neuroimaging and development in infants born <32weeks gestation over 5 years with evidence of BGT echogenicity. RESULTS: BGT echogenicity was reported in 18/650 infants (2.7%). Echogenicity appeared at a median of 8 days (2–45 days) and resolved on pre-discharge ultrasound in 50%. Thirteen infants had a term corrected MRI brain with abnormal BGT signal seen in 3 infants (23%). All 3 infants had persisting echogenicity on discharge ultrasound. No infant with echogenicity resolution on ultrasound had changes on term MRI. 14 infants had developmental progress available at 1 year corrected. Abnormal development was reported in four children of whom one had BGT changes on term MRI. Two children with persistent BGT changes but an otherwise normal MRI had reported normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: BGT echogenicity is relatively common on routine ultrasound and resolves in the majority of infants by term corrected. This review suggests that at term corrected, normal cranial ultrasound may obviate the need for MRI where no other concerns exist. BGT echogenicity did not appear to independently influence neurodevelopment.

scholarly journals Atypical neuroimaging characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infants: a case series of hemorrhagic brain lesions in the deep grey matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Pak ◽  
Anseh Selehnia ◽  
Maayke A. W. Hunfeld ◽  
Maarten H. Lequin ◽  
Rinze F. Neuteboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Diffuse Atrophy ◽  
Deep Grey Matter

Abstract Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem condition associated with uncontrolled overproduction and infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes predominantly in liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings on MRI are fairly nonspecific and classically include periventricular white matter signal abnormalities and diffuse atrophy. Focal parenchymal lesions may demonstrate post contrast ring or nodular enhancement and calcification. However, the MR imaging characteristics can be highly variable. Here, we present two cases of HLH in infants with multiple hemorrhagic lesions mostly depicted in both thalami and basal ganglia regions. Thalamic, basal ganglia, and brain stem involvement with hemorrhagic changes in HLH are rarely described in literature. Early diagnosis of HLH may be lifesaving. Awareness of the disease is necessary to investigate its characteristic findings and avoiding a delay in diagnosis.

scholarly journals The neuropsychological profile of children with basal ganglia encephalitis: a case series

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Pawela ◽  
Ruth K Brunsdon ◽  
Tracey A Williams ◽  
Melanie Porter ◽  
Russell C Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

scholarly journals SURG-21. STEREOTACTIC BIOPSY FOR DEEP SEATED BRAIN LESIONS USING THE LEKSELL STEREOTACTIC FRAME SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi244-vi244
Author(s):  
Takamitsu Fujimaki ◽  
Sachiko Hirata ◽  
Naruhiko Terano ◽  
Kenji Wakiya ◽  
Jun-ichi Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Stereotactic Frame ◽  
Lower Complication

Abstract PURPOSE To evaluate the results of stereotactic biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-two patients with intraaxial lesions suspected of brain tumor. The locations of lesions includes, 19 deep cerebral white matter, 9 basal ganglia, 10 thalamus, 4 midbrain and 6 pons. Patients age ranged from 9 to 86 years (median 65 years), 33 were men and 19 were women. Under local anesthesia the Leksell stereotactic frame was fixed and the MRI were taken. Neuroimages such as enhanced CT scan or PET study were also used as references. After MRI patients were transferred to OR and under general anesthesia, several samples were taken with 2.1mm diameter needle by aspiration. Most of the cases the biopsy was done through frontal lobe, but in some cases through temporal lobe or through cerebellum. The samples were taken deeper and nearer regions of the designed targets with same trajectory, also. If there were cysts, aspiration of the cyst was performed as much as possible. The trajectory should avoid sulci, cortical veins or ventricular system. After biopsy inside the needle were irrigated repeatedly with 0.1 - 0.2 ml saline using thin plastic tube until the fluid does not contain bloody fluids to ensure hemostasis. RESULTS In all patients appropriate samples for pathological diagnosis were obtained. The diagnoses were 28 gliomas (pilocytic 1, grade II 8, grade III 11, grade VI (GBM) 6, high grade 1, glial tumor 1), 17 lymphomas, 3 germinoma and 2 were non-tumorous pathology. There were no symptomatic bleeding nor neurological complications. CONCLUSION With detailed planning, stereotactic biopsy was safely performed even from basal ganglia or brainstem. Trajectories other than from frontal can be also considered for some lesions. Repeated irrigation with saline might effective to prevent symptomatic bleeding and this case series shows lower complication rates compared to the published literatures.

scholarly journals Symmetrical and bilateral basal ganglia calcification. Case series and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amado Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
Omar Cárdenas-Sáenz ◽  
José Luis Ruiz-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Basal Ganglia Calcification

scholarly journals Basal ganglia cavernous malformations: case series and systematic review of surgical management and long-term outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yiping Li ◽  
Anadjeet Khahera ◽  
Jason Kim ◽  
Mauricio Mandel ◽  
Summer S. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
Permanent Morbidity

OBJECTIVEReports on basal ganglia cavernous malformations (BGCMs) are rare. Here, the authors report on their experience in resecting these malformations to offer insight into this infrequent disease subtype.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed a prospectively managed departmental database of all deep-seated cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) treated at Stanford between 1987 and 2019 and included for further analysis those with a radiographic diagnosis of BGCM. Moreover, a systematic literature review was undertaken using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.RESULTSThe departmental database search yielded 331 patients with deep-seated CCMs, 44 of whom had a BGCM (13.3%). Headache was the most common presenting sign (53.5%), followed by seizure (32.6%) and hemiparesis (27.9%). Lesion location involved the caudate nucleus in 21.4% of cases compared to 78.6% of cases within the lentiform nucleus. Caudate BGCMs were larger on presentation and were more likely to present to the ependymal surface (p < 0.001) with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus (p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively). Dizziness and diplopia were also more common with lesions involving the caudate. Because of their anatomical location, caudate BGCMs were preferentially treated via an interhemispheric approach and were less likely to be associated with worsening perioperative deficits than lentiform BGCMs (p = 0.006 and 0.045, respectively). Ten patients (25.6%) were clinically worse in the immediate postoperative period, 4 (10.2%) of whom continued to suffer permanent morbidity at the last follow-up. A long-term good outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–1) was attained in 74.4% of cases compared to the 69.2% of patients who had presented with an mRS score 0–1. Relative to their presenting mRS score, 89.8% of patients had an improved or unchanged status at the last follow-up. The median postoperative follow-up was 11 months (range 1–252 months). Patient outcomes after resection did not differ among surgical approaches; however, patients presenting with hemiparesis and lesions involving the globus pallidus or posterior limb of the internal capsule were more likely to suffer neurological deficits during the immediate perioperative period. Patients who had undergone awake surgeries were more likely to suffer neurological decline at the early as well as the late follow-up. When adjusting for awake craniotomy as a potential confounder of lesion location, a BGCM involving the posterior limb was predictive of developing early postoperative deficits, but this finding did not persist at the long-term follow-up.CONCLUSIONSSurgery is a safe and effective treatment modality for managing BGCMs, with an estimated long-term permanent morbidity rate of around 10%.

scholarly journals Giant central nervous system tuberculoma in pediatric patients: surgical case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yan Ju
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cerebellar Lesion ◽  
Thalamic Lesion ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Frontal Horn ◽  
Clinical Records

AbstractCentral nervous system tuberculoma is rare and challenging situation. Clinical records of patients with pathologically proven tuberculoma were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentation, lesion location, radiological characteristics, perioperative and surgical management, and outcome is summarized and analyzed. Eight patients were included and there was one girl. Age ranged from 3 to 14 years with mean age 9.8 years. Clinical duration ranged from 20 days to 2 years, and 3 patients had previous lung tuberculosis with anti-TB treatment. The lesion was in cerebellum in 6 cases, including 1 involving basal ganglia and 1 involving thalamus. The lesion was in basal ganglia, thalamus, and third ventricle in 1 case, and in T12-L1 spinal cord in another. Cerebellar lesion was resected via paramedian suboccipital approach in 5 patients, basal ganglia lesion via trans-cortical frontal horn approach in 2 patients, and intra-spinal lesion via trans-laminar approach in 1 patient. Follow-up ranged from 10 to 24 months. Of the 8 patients, 6 returned to normal life. One patient had cerebellar lesion resected and the thalamic lesion reduced in size after anti-TB treatment. One patient died from TB spreading. Our data showed that most patients can be successfully treated by resection of the lesion. Low T2 signal, ring shaped enhancement and peripheral edema strongly suggest tuberculoma. Empirical anti-TB treatment should be initiated perioperatively.

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