Effects of restoration modes on the spatial distribution of soil physical properties after land consolidation: a multifractal analysis

Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3&#8211;) concentrations and production rates in forest soil vary by hillslope position due to variation in ammonia-oxidizing microorganism concentrations, soil chemistry, and surface soil moisture. These spatial distributions have a significant effect on nutrient cycles and streamwater chemistry. Soil moisture conditions significantly restrict microbial activity, influencing the spatial distribution of NO3&#8211; concentrations on forest hillslopes. However, studies linking forest hydrological processes to nitrogen cycling are limited. Therefore, we investigated the determinants of spatial variation in soil moisture and evaluated the effects of soil moisture fluctuations on spatial variation in NO3&#8211; concentration and production rate.The study sites were the Fukuroyamasawa Experimental Watershed (FEW) and Oyasan Experimental Watershed (OEW) in Japan. The two have similar topographies, climates, and tree species. In each watershed, a 100 m transect was set up from the ridge to the base of the slope, and soil moisture sensors were installed at soil depths of 10 cm and 30 cm at both the top and bottom of the slope. We collected surface soil samples at a depth of 10 cm at the top, middle, and bottom of the slopes using 100 cm3 cores, and measured soil physical properties, particle size distribution, volcanic ash content, chemical properties (pH, NO3&#8211;, NH4+, nitrification rate, and mineralization rate), and microbial content (archaeal content). Spatial and temporal changes in soil moisture on the hillslope were calculated using HYDRUS-2D to examine contributing factors of soil moisture.At FEW, high NO3&#8211; concentrations and nitrification rates were observed only at the slope bottom and middle, and no NO3&#8211; concentrations were detected at up slope. By contrast, at OEW, high NO3&#8211; concentrations and nitrification rates were observed at all points. NH4+ concentrations were similar at all points in both watersheds. At FEW, 10 cm surface soil moisture fluctuated within 25&#8211;40% at the slope top but was within 40&#8211;50% at the slope bottom. At OEW, surface soil moisture was 30&#8211;40% at both the slope top and bottom, with no significant differences according to slope position. It was confirmed that soil moisture was significantly involved in NO3&#8211; concentration and nitrification rates. Model simulations showed that the difference in soil moisture fluctuations between FEW and OEW was mainly explained by the spatial variation in soil physical properties. In particular, volcanic ash influenced soil moisture along the entire slope at OEW, resulting in high water retention, but only influenced soil moisture at the slope bottom at FEW. These findings indicate that spatial variability in soil physical properties has a significant effect on soil moisture fluctuation and leads to a spatial distribution of NO3&#8211; production.

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Effect of Farming Systems on the Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Yield

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n15p87 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Ligia Maria Lucas Videira ◽

Paulo Ricardo Teodoro Silva ◽

Diego dos Santos Pereira ◽

Rafael Montanari ◽

Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Spatial Variability ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Yield Components ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

High Soil Moisture

In no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT) areas, spatial variability of soil physical properties may affect crop yield. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties, as well as the yield components and grain yield of soybean (GY), based on the mapping of areas under soil conservation farming systems. We assessed yield components, GY and the physical properties of an Oxisol, under NT and MT using the t-student test, and geostatistics to assess spatial variability. The largest population of NT plants showed no spatial dependence and did not influence GY, but the components related to plant height and soil properties differed between systems. From a spatial standpoint, the kriging maps demonstrated that mass of one thousand grains (MOG), total porosity (TP) and soil bulk density (BD) influenced GY under NT, whereas TP1 exerted the most influence under high soil moisture conditions and MT. The maps make it possible to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties and the influence on GY, making them an important tool for more accurate production planning in soil conservation systems.

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Spatial distribution of soil physical properties of alluvial soils: a geostatistical approach

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science ◽

10.1080/03650340.2015.1107678 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 972-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S.K. Reza ◽

D.C. Nayak ◽

T. Chattopadhyay ◽

S. Mukhopadhyay ◽

S.K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Geostatistical Approach

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN WEST TRIPURA DISTRICT, TRIPURA

10.36106/paripex/0607531 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Suman Das ◽

B.S. Mipun

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Soil Processes ◽

Land Management System

Soil quality is an assimilation of soil processes and evaluates the changes in soil condition. At present, soil quality is defined as “capacity of soil to function”. Among the soil properties, Soil physical properties are more important than other properties. Soil physical properties are essential for farmers to know about their agricultural lands for better utilization and profit maximization. After studying the areal distribution of individual soil physical properties, it is seen that soil properties are not evenly distributed in the study area. But through scientific implementation of land management system and proper utilization of land may improve soil physical properties (soil quality) and standard of living of farmers for better future.

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Spatial distribution of ant mounds and effects on soil physical properties in wetlands of the Sanjiang plain, China

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.1016/j.chnaes.2010.08.009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 270-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Haitao Wu ◽

Donghui Wu ◽

Xianguo Lu ◽

Xiaomin Yin

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Ant Mounds

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Spatial distribution of soil physical properties under various forested and agricultural land use management practices

IGARSS 2001. Scanning the Present and Resolving the Future. Proceedings. IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37217) ◽

10.1109/igarss.2001.977912 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

K.F. Golson ◽

T.D. Tsegaye ◽

T.H. Green ◽

D. Mays ◽

T.L. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Agricultural Land Use ◽

Land Use Management

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Impacts of land leveling on lowland soil physical properties

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000100032 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 315-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽

Luís Carlos Timm ◽

Klaus Reichardt ◽

Eloy Antonio Pauletto

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Land Leveling ◽

The Mean

The practice of land leveling alters the soil surface to create a uniform slope to improve land conditions for the application of all agricultural practices. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impacts of land leveling through the magnitudes, variances and spatial distributions of selected soil physical properties of a lowland area in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; the relationships between the magnitude of cuts and/or fills and soil physical properties after the leveling process; and evaluation of the effect of leveling on the spatial distribution of the top of the B horizon in relation to the soil surface. In the 0-0.20 m layer, a 100-point geo-referenced grid covering two taxonomic soil classes was used in assessment of the following soil properties: soil particle density (Pd) and bulk density (Bd); total porosity (Tp), macroporosity (Macro) and microporosity (Micro); available water capacity (AWC); sand, silt, clay, and dispersed clay in water (Disp clay) contents; electrical conductivity (EC); and weighted average diameter of aggregates (WAD). Soil depth to the top of the B horizon was also measured before leveling. The overall effect of leveling on selected soil physical properties was evaluated by paired "t" tests. The effect on the variability of each property was evaluated through the homogeneity of variance test. The thematic maps constructed by kriging or by the inverse of the square of the distances were visually analyzed to evaluate the effect of leveling on the spatial distribution of the properties and of the top of the B horizon in relation to the soil surface. Linear regression models were fitted with the aim of evaluating the relationship between soil properties and the magnitude of cuts and fills. Leveling altered the mean value of several soil properties and the agronomic effect was negative. The mean values of Bd and Disp clay increased and Tp, Macro and Micro, WAD, AWC and EC decreased. Spatial distributions of all soil physical properties changed as a result of leveling and its effect on all soil physical properties occurred in the whole area and not specifically in the cutting or filling areas. In future designs of leveling, we recommend overlaying a cut/fill map on the map of soil depth to the top of the B horizon in order to minimize areas with shallow surface soil after leveling.

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