The misleading total replacement of internal combustion engines by electric motors and a study of the Brazilian ethanol importance for the sustainable future of mobility: a review

The response of vehicles to the transient forces associated with gusting of the natural wind is assuming greater prominence. Total reliance upon natural gusts is unsatisfactory since these are unpredictable and unrepeatable. Major Continental manufacturers have for several years utilized gusts produced by multiple-fan installations, the power source being either electric motors or internal-combustion engines. The M.I.R.A. equipment is centred on a single Rolls-Royce Avon gas-turbine engine, the exhaust gases from which are directed across a roadway. Measurements have indicated that the gust profiles are similar to those encountered on motorways in respect of rise-time.

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Future mobility without internal combustion engines and fuels?

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-116972 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 155 (4) ◽

pp. 3-15

Author(s):

Hans LENZ

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Infrastructure Investment ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Foreseeable Future ◽

Electric Motors ◽

The Future ◽

To Come

For many decades to come, and in the foreseeable future, internal combustion engines – in many cases with electric motors – will be with us, just like the liquid fuels they require. The importance of crude oil will decline, as these fuels will be increasingly produced on a synthetic basis without CO2 emissions. The answers to the question ”Future Mobility without Internal Combustion Engines and Fuels?“ are “no” in both cases. Purely battery-electric mobility will be applied in the future only in specific areas. Fuel-cell vehicles will hardly be used because of the extreme infrastructure investment costs. In contrast, liquid fuels will ensure the future of mobility. In this scenario, energy such as solar or wind energy will be generated without CO2 emissions.

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Second Paper: The M.I.R.A. Cross-Wind Generator

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers ◽

10.1243/pime_proc_1973_187_116_02 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

pp. 348-353

Author(s):

M. J. Rose

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Rise Time ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Power Source ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Electric Motors ◽

Turbine Engine ◽

Transient Forces ◽

Natural Wind

The response of vehicles to the transient forces associated with gusting of the natural wind is assuming greater prominence. Total reliance upon natural gusts is unsatisfactory since these are unpredictable and unrepeatable. Major Continental manufacturers have for several years utilized gusts produced by multiple-fan installations, the power source being either electric motors or internal-combustion engines. The M.I.R.A. equipment is centred on a single Rolls-Royce Avon gas-turbine engine, the exhaust gases from which are directed across a roadway. Measurements have indicated that the gust profiles are similar to those encountered on motorways in respect of rise-time.

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