scholarly journals Glucose control in home-isolated adults with type 1 diabetes affected by COVID-19 using continuous glucose monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Longo ◽  
L. Scappaticcio ◽  
M. Petrizzo ◽  
F. Castaldo ◽  
A. Sarnataro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Purpose This study is aimed at evaluating changes in metrics of glucose control in home-isolated patients with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system. Methods We included adults aged 18–45 years with type 1 diabetes, using CGM, followed by telemedicine at a Southern Italian University Hospital. Thirty-two home-quarantined subjects with SARS-CoV-2 positive swab constituted the COVID-19 group. Thirty age-matched diabetic individuals without COVID-19 formed the control group. The effects of COVID-19 on glycemic control in patients infected were assessed at different time points [2 weeks before-COVID-19 (Time 1), 2 weeks during-COVID-19 (Time 2) and 2 weeks after COVID-19 (Time 3)] and compared with those without infection. Results A significant reduction of TIR (Time 1 vs Time 2, %, 60.1 ± 16.6 vs 55.4 ± 19.2, P = 0.03), associated with a significant increase of TAR level 2 (10.1 ± 7.3 vs 16.7 ± 12.9, P < 0.001), GMI (7.1 ± 0.6 vs 7.5 ± 0.8, P < 0.001), CV (37.3 ± 7.1 vs 39.6 ± 7.0, P = 0.04), mean glucose values (mg/dL, 160.2 ± 26.5 vs 175.5 ± 32.6, P = 0.001) and standard deviation (59.2 ± 13.1 vs 68.6 ± 17.7, P = 0.001) was observed in patients with COVID-19. No significant change of glycemic metrics was found in the NO COVID-19 group across the time. Conclusion Young home-isolated patients with type 1 diabetes and COVID-19 showed a worsening of glucose control during COVID-19, as compared with age-matched diabetic subjects without the infection.

Discrepancies between methods of continuous glucose monitoring in key metrics of glucose control in children with type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Michalak ◽  
Konrad Pagacz ◽  
Wojciech Młynarski ◽  
Agnieszka Szadkowska ◽  
Wojciech Fendler
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Monitoring

scholarly journals Eight-Point Glucose Testing Versus the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Evaluation of Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3387-3391 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Glucose Profiles ◽  
Mean Glucose

Context: Advantages/disadvantages of continuous vs. discrete glucose monitoring are not well documented. Objective: Compare glucose profiles from home meters vs. continuous sensors. Design: Randomized clinical trial conducted by the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) to assess the utility of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer. Setting: Home glucose measurements. Patients: Two hundred children (age, 7 to &lt; 18 yr) with type 1 diabetes. Intervention: At baseline, subjects were asked to wear the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) sensor and perform meter tests at eight prespecified times of the day (eight-point testing) each for 3 d (2 d using both, 1 d eight-point testing only, 1 d CGMS only). Hemoglobin A1c was measured in a central laboratory. Main Outcome Measure: Six-month hemoglobin A1c. This analysis looked at baseline glucose profiles/hemoglobin A1c. Results: Only 10% of subjects completed full eight-point testing for 3 d, but median CGMS use was 70 h. Mean glucose was lower when measured by the CGMS compared with eight-point testing (183 ± 37 vs. 188 ± 41 mg/dl; 10.2 ± 2.1 vs.10.4 ± 2.3 mmol/liter; P = 0.009), especially overnight (2400–0400 h; 174 vs. 199 mg/dl; 9.7 vs. 11.1 mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.001). Associations of hemoglobin A1c with mean glucose were similar for eight-point testing [slope 23 mg/dl per 1% (1.3 mmol/liter); correlation 0.40; P &lt; 0.001] and CGMS [slope 19 mg/dl per 1% (1.1 mmol/liter); correlation 0.39; P &lt; 0.001]. Postprandial excursions were lower for eight-point testing vs. CGMS, especially after dinner (mean excursion −17 vs. 63 mg/dl; −1.0 vs. 3.5 mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Both methods gave similar mean glucose profiles and associations with hemoglobin A1c. Advantages of the CGMS were higher density of data and better detection of postprandial peaks. However, the CGMS may overestimate the frequency of low glucose levels, especially overnight.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF USING THE NIGHTSCOUT SYSTEM ON METABOLIC CONTROL, SAFETY, AND INCIDENCE OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1433
Author(s):  
Oskar Kublin ◽  
Mariusz Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: The Nightscout system is a free Do It Yourself solution. This system appeared in Poland in 2016. The concept of the project is to provide insight into measurements from the system of continuous glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid by authorized persons. The aim: The study was carried out to assess the functionality of the Nightscout system and its effect on metabolic control, safety and the incidence of complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods:The study comprised 98 patients with type 1 diabetes. The study was conducted online using an anonymous questionnaire targeted at members of the “Nightscout Polska (Poland)” group on the Facebook. Results: Severe hypoglycaemic episodes with loss of consciousness were more frequent before using the Nightscout system and were reported by 3 adults (1-2 episodes). No severe hypoglycaemic episodes were reported when using the Nightscout system. The number of ketoacidosis episodes was reduced from 5 before using the Nightscout system to 2 episodes during the use of the system in children, and from 3 to 0 episodes in adults. Levels of glycated haemoglobin were lower in patients using the Nightscout system, both compared to control groups and values before the use it. In people using the Nightscout system glycated hemoglobin values were lower than their values before using this system. It was also shown that people using the Nightscout system had lower glycated hemoglobin than people from the control group. Conclusions: Using the Nightscout system can positively affect the safety of insulin therapy and the treatment process of type 1 diabetes. The Nightscout system can be an improvement of the system of continuous glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid.

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