Abstract
A description is provided for Sarocladium oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Oryza sativa (rice). DISEASE: Sheath rot. This occurs in the upper leaf sheath enclosing young panicles and starts as oblong or irregular lesions with brownish margins and greyish centres, 0.5-1.5 cm long, which later enlarge and coalesce. Whitish mycelium may be seen in the centre of the lesions and occasionally inside the rotted sheaths. Severely affected panicles do not emerge, the effect being known as choking. The symptoms are evidently indistinguishable from those associated with S. attenuatum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Bangladesh, Brunei, Kenya, Nigeria. Although it is not always possible when 'Acrocydndrium oryzae' is reported in the earlier literature to know whether S. oryzae or S. attenuatum is intended, the distribution of the former extends into S.E. Asia and the latter into N. America. TRANSMISSION: By conidial dispersal. Fungal attack is often associated with damage by pests - the boring beetle, Corticarina gibbosa (Amin et al.) or the mite Steneotarsonemus madecassus (Hsieh et al., 1977 with 'Acrocylindrium oryzae') and S. spinki (Chien & Huang, 1979).