Aim:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers,
and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients.
Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided
into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients
(PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations,
such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated
haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein)
and serum VEGF.
Results:
The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio)
are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine,
CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to
diabetic patients without retinopathy.
Conclusion:
The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in
patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors
and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk
and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.
Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus without a prior psychiatric history: a cross-sectional study in clinical settings in urban Nepal
