scholarly journals The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
European Council ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Novel Processing

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.

scholarly journals Preview: 1989 MRS Spring Meeting

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Magnetic Films ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Joint Session ◽  
Linus Pauling ◽  
Spring Meeting ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Town

The 1989 Spring Meeting of the Materials Research Society will be held at the Town and County Hotel in San Diego, with events spanning April 22-29. Meeting Chairs Robin Farrow, Dick Siegel and Angelica Stacy have developed a program of 16 technical symposia that reflect the continuing key role of materials science in the development of both mature and emerging technologies.Several new topics will reflect emerging areas, including materials for optical storage of information (Symposium F), ultrathin magnetic films (Symposium G), and materials problems of infrastructure (Symposium P). A special workshop will provide a technology update on diamond films (Symposium P) and will feature a joint session with Symposium H, Optical Materials: Processing and Science.Plenary speaker Linus Pauling, research professor at the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, will discuss quasicrystals, materials whose atomic structure displays perfect five-fold symmetry, but whose atomic pattern is never exactly repeated as it would be in conventional crystals. During the Plenary Session MRS will also recognize graduate students who have made outstanding contributions as authors or co-authors of papers presented at the 1989 Spring Meeting.

Orientation Mapping: 1987 MRS Fall Meeting Von Hippel Award Lecture

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Frank
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

I must support the judgment of the Materials Research Society in naming its principal award after von Hippel. His early work was on dielectrics, and that is the area in which my own introduction to materials science was made. In fact, I habitually claim that one of the inventors and fathers of the subject was E.B. Moullin, Reader in Electrical Engineering at Oxford and later Professor of Electrical Engineering at Cambridge. In 1933 he approached my chemistry tutor, Sidgwick, saying “I have this man Willis Jackson coming to do a D.Phil, with me. He knows how to measure dielectric loss. I think that if I can put a physical chemist to work alongside him we might make that cease to be just an engineering parameter to be measured and come to know what causes it—and then perhaps design new materials which are better.” Sidgwick nominated me as the physical chemist, and as far as I am concerned that is where the subject of materials science begins.My subject is how you should display the statistics of orientations of polycrystals. For this subject I have several heroes from the past. They are Euler, of course, Rodrigues, Cayley and Klein. Of these the most unjustly neglected is Olinde Rodrigues, which is something I have only come to know in comparatively recent years. The whole subject is one to which I have returned on and off, learning a little more each time, since it was first put to me as a problem by C.G. Dunn just about 30 years ago.

The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Whitesides ◽  
Amy P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Spring Meeting ◽  
Materials Research

AbstractThis article is based on the plenary address given by George M. Whitesides of Harvard University on March 30, 2005, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Materials science and biomedicine are arguably two of the most exciting fields in science today. Research at the border between them will inevitably be a major focus, and the applications of materials science to problems in biomedicine—that is, biomaterials science—will bud into an important new branch of materials science. Accelerating the growth of this area requires an understanding of two very different fields, and being both thoughtful and entrepreneurial in considering “Why?” “How?” and “Where?” to put them together. In this fusion, biomedicine will, we believe, set the agenda; materials science will follow, and materials scientists must learn biology to be effective.

The Art and Materials Science of 190-mph Superbikes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-516
Author(s):  
Charles M. Falco
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
Film Coatings ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Sintered Aluminum ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Standard Production

AbstractThe following article is an edited transcript of a talk presented in Symposium X—Frontiers of Materials Research at the 2002 Materials Research Society Fall Meeting in Boston on December 2, 2002. From Bessemer steel used on the first motorized bicycle in 1871 to sintered aluminum ceramic composites and TiN thin-film coatings used on standard production machines today, motorcycles have been at the forefront of the use of high-performance materials. Thanks to developments in materials technology, relatively inexpensive mass-produced motorcycles are now capable of achieving speeds of >190 mph.

Effect of Viscoelasticity of PVA Brush on Friction during Post-CMP Cleaning: A Guideline for Nodule Configuration

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hara ◽  
T. Sanada ◽  
A. Fukunaga ◽  
H. Hiyama
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics

The application of new materials and three-dimensional structures are being used to achieve next-generation semiconductor devices. Hence, the role of the chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) process has gained importance. Polyvinyl acetal (PVA) brushes are widely used as scrubbers during post-CMP cleaning. However, the mechanisms of brush scrubber cleaning are still a matter of debate because direct observation is difficult. Many researchers have proposed the removal mechanisms that operate during brush cleaning based on investigations of the forces acting on particles, friction, and the lubrication characteristics. Hydrodynamic drag forces and direct contact between the brush and the particles have been proposed as cleaning mechanisms [1–5]. Philipossian et al. [6] and Sun et al. [7] focused on the brush design and suggested that the existence of nodules or eccentricity of the roller brush had a significant effect on the friction. The friction system between the roller brush and the surface is complex because of the collision of nodules with the surface. Hence, the shapes of the nodules have been designed through trial and error. In this study, we focus on the friction of a single nodule to investigate the role of nodules in roller brush cleaning. The normal and friction forces are measured during brush sliding. In particular, we focus on the viscoelastic properties of a PVA brush and discuss its effects on friction.

Arthur von Hippel: The Man Behind the Von Hippel Award

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Early Years ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Opening Ceremony ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Birthday Celebration ◽  
The Many ◽  
People Today

The Von Hippel Award, the most prestigious award of the Materials Research Society was first presented to its namesake, Arthur von Hippel, in 1976. On November 19, 1988, Prof. von Hippel celebrated his 90th birthday, an appropriate occasion to look back on a lifetime of achievement. Through the many testimonials that were heard at his 90th birthday celebration from family, friends, former students and colleagues, emerged a picture of materials science that reflects much that we treasure as the fabric of the Materials Research Society, namely the interdisciplinary approach to materials research.It has become an annual tradition of MRS to celebrate the achievement of the Von Hippel Award winner, and each year the celebrants begin the ceremony with an affirmation of the efficacy of the interdisciplinary approach. In the early years of the Von Hippel Award, our young students often heard greetings from Prof. von Hippel himself during the opening ceremony. But as the size of the meetings has grown, it has become increasingly difficult for “The Professor” to offer personal greetings. Many young people today yearn for contact with their intellectual heritage. Inspired by this need, the leadership of MRS recommended that a brief article be written for the MRS BULLETIN on reminiscences about Prof. Arthur von Hippel and his legacy of the interdisciplinary approach to materials research.

Dripping, Jetting, Drops, and Wetting: The Magic of Microfluidics

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Utada ◽  
L.-Y. Chu ◽  
A. Fernandez-Nieves ◽  
D. R. Link ◽  
C. Holtze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Double Emulsions ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Control Fluid

The following article is based on the Symposium X presentation given by David A. Weitz (Harvard University) on April 11, 2007, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. The article describes how simple microfluidic devices can be used to control fluid flow and produce a variety of new materials. Based on the concepts of coaxial flow and hydrodynamically focused flow, used alone or in various combinations, the devices can produce precisely controlled double emulsions (droplets within droplets) and even triple emulsions (double emulsions suspended in a third droplet). These structures, which can be created in a single microfluidic device, have various applications such as encapsulants for drugs, cosmetics, or food additives.

Organic Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Crucial Part

AbstractThe following article is based on the presentation given by George M. Whitesides, recipient of the 2000 MRS Von Hippel Award, the Materials Research Society's highest honor, at the 2000 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston on November 29, 2000. Whitesides was cited for “bringing fundamental concepts of organic chemistry and biology into materials science and engineering, through his pioneering research on surface modification, self-assembly, and soft lithography.” The article focuses on the growing role of organic chemistry in materials science. Historically, that role has been to provide organic polymers for use in structures, films, fibers, coatings, and so on. Organic chemistry is now emerging as a crucial part of three new areas in materials science. First, it provides materials with complex functionality. Second, it is the bridge between materials science and biology/medicine. Building an interface between biological systems and electronic or optical systems requires close attention to the molecular level of that interface. Third, organic chemistry provides a sophisticated synthetic entry into nanomaterials. Organic molecules are, in fact, exquisitely fabricated nanostructures, assembled with precision on the level of individual atoms. Colloids are a related set of nanostructures, and organic chemistry contributes importantly to their preparation as well.

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