Cholesterol ester metabolism in the brain: Properties and subcellular distribution of cholesterol-esterifying enzymes and cholesterol ester hydrolases in adult rat brain

1971 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eto Yoshikatsu ◽  
Suzuki Kunihiko
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ester Hydrolases

scholarly journals Effect of phenylalanine on protein synthesis in the developing rat brain

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Agrawal ◽  
A. H. Bone ◽  
A. N. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Free Amino Acid Pool ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
The Brain

1. Inhibition of the rate of incorporation of [35S]methionine into protein by phenylalanine was more effective in 18-day-old than in 8-day-old or adult rat brain. 2. Among the subcellular fractions incorporation of [35S]methionine into myelin proteins was most inhibited in 18-day-old rat brain. 3. Transport of [35S]methionine and [14C]leucine into the brain acid-soluble pool was significantly decreased in 18-day-old rats by phenylalanine (2mg/g body wt.). The decrease of the two amino acids in the acid-soluble pool equalled the inhibition of their rate of incorporation into the protein. 4. Under identical conditions, entry of [14C]glycine into the brain acid-soluble pool and incorporation into protein and uptake of [14C]acetate into lipid was not affected by phenylalanine. 5. It is proposed that decreased myelin synthesis seen in hyperphenylalaninaemia or phenylketonuria may be due to alteration of the free amino acid pool in the brain during the vulnerable period of brain development. Amyelination may be one of many causes of mental retardation seen in phenylketonuria.

scholarly journals Enzyme activity and composition of myelin and subcellular fractions in the developing rat brain

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Banik ◽  
A. N. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Subcellular Fractions ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
The Brain

1. Subcellular fractions and myelin were isolated from developing and adult rat brain. 2. Measurements of chemical composition and enzyme activities indicate the presence of a second myelin-like fraction mainly in the brain of developing rats. 3. This membrane fraction has a different lipid composition from myelin, but resembles myelin in its content of phosphohydrolase and aminopeptidase activity. 4. It is suggested that the second myelin-like fraction may be a submicrosomal contaminant or it may be derived from oligodendroglial plasma membrane during myelinogenesis.

scholarly journals The Transfer Coefficients for L-Valine and the Rate of Incorporation of L-[1-14C] Valine into Proteins in Normal Adult Rat Brain

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kirikae ◽  
M. Diksic ◽  
Y. L. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Brain Proteins ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
The Brain

An autoradiographic method for the measurement of the rate of valine incorporation into brain proteins is described. The transfer coefficients for valine into and out of the brain and the rate of valine incorporation into normal rat brain proteins are given. The valine incorporation and the transfer constants of valine between different biological compartments are provided for 14 gray matter and 2 white matter structures of an adult rat brain. The rate of valine incorporation varies between 0.52 ± 0.19 nmol/g/min in white matter and 1.94 ± 0.47 in inferior colliculus (gray matter). Generally, the rate of valine incorporation is about three to four times higher in the gray matter than in the white matter structures.

scholarly journals The distribution of oxytocin and the oxytocin receptor in rat brain: relation to regions active in migraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Warfvinge ◽  
Diana Krause ◽  
Lars Edvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Central Actions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Recent work, both clinical and experimental, suggests that the hypothalamic hormone oxytocin (OT) and its receptor (OTR) may be involved in migraine pathophysiology. In order to better understand possible central actions of OT in migraine/headache pathogenesis, we mapped the distribution of OT and OTR in nerve cells and fibers in rat brain with a focus on areas related to migraine attacks and/or shown previously to contain calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), another neuropeptide involved in migraine. Methods Distribution of OT and OTR in the adult, rat brain was qualitatively examined with immunohistochemistry using a series of well characterized specific antibodies. Results As expected, OT was extensively localized in the cell somas of two hypothalamic nuclei, the supraoptic (SO or SON) and paraventricular nuclei (Pa or PVN). OT also was found in many other regions of the brain where it was localized mainly in nerve fibers. In contrast, OTR staining in the brain was mainly observed in cell somas with very little expression in fibers. The most distinct OTR expression was found in the hippocampus, the pons and the substantia nigra. In some regions of the brain (e.g. the amygdala and the hypothalamus), both OT and OTR were expressed (match). Mismatch between the peptide and its receptor was primarily observed in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex (OT expression) and hippocampus (OTR expression). Conclusions We compared OT/OTR distribution in the CNS with that of CGRP and identified regions related to migraine. In particular, regions suggested as “migraine generators”, showed correspondence among the three mappings. These findings suggest central OT pathways may contribute to the role of the hypothalamus in migraine attacks.

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