Dependence of the heat resistance of bacterial spores on the calcium: Dipicolinic acid ratio

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillel S. Levinson ◽  
Mildred T. Hyatt ◽  
Florence E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Acid Ratio

scholarly journals THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL SPORES

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Warth ◽  
D. F. Ohye ◽  
W. G. Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Soluble Fractions

The composition of the insoluble "integuments" and soluble "contents" fractions of spores of four Bacillus species of widely differing heat resistance were compared. Electron microscopy of thin sections was also used to determine and compare the morphological structures in the integument preparations. The soluble fractions of the thermophiles, B. coagulans and B. stearothermophilus, had a higher content of hexose and dipicolinic acid. The hexose content of both fractions of the four species was related to heat resistance. Integument fractions consisted chiefly of protein together with variable amounts of the mucopeptide constituents, α, ϵ-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and hexosamine. In the thermophiles the DAP and hexosamine were found chiefly in the insoluble integuments fractions, while in B. cereus and B. subtilis most of this material was soluble. Integument preparations, containing mainly protein with little mucopeptide, consisted chiefly of outer and inner spore coats, while preparations having more mucopeptide contained also residual cortical material and a cortical membrane (possibly the germ cell wall). The results suggest that spore integuments consist of mainly proteinaceous outer and inner coats together with variable amounts of residual cortex and cortical membrane which contain the mucopeptide material.

Atomistic Study of Wet-heat Resistance of Calcium Dipicolinate in the Core of Spores

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (26) ◽  
pp. 1457-1462
Author(s):  
Ankit Mishra ◽  
Pankaj Rajak ◽  
Subodh Tiwari ◽  
Chunyang Sheng ◽  
Aravind Krishnamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Reactive Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Core Simulation ◽  
Solid Liquid

ABSTRACTThe extreme heat resistance of dormant bacterial spores strongly depends on the extent of protoplast dehydration and the concentration of dipicolinic acid (DPA) and its associated calcium salts (Ca-DPA) in the spore core. Recent experiments have suggested that this heat resistance depends on the properties of confined water molecules in the hydrated Ca-DPA-rich protoplasm, but atomistic details have not been elucidated. In this study, we used reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations to study the dynamics of water in hydrated DPA and Ca-DPA as a function of temperature. The RMD simulations indicate two distinct solid-liquid and liquid-gel transitions for the spore core. Simulation results reveal monotonically decreasing solid-gel-liquid transition temperatures with increasing hydration. Additional calculations on the specific heat and free energy of water molecules in the spore core further support the higher heat resistance of dehydrated spores. These results provide an insight into the experimental trend of moist-heat resistance of bacterial spores and reconciles previous conflicting experimental findings on the state of water in bacterial spores.

scholarly journals Molecular Physiological Characterization of a High Heat Resistant Spore Forming Bacillus subtilis Food Isolate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Tu ◽  
Peter Setlow ◽  
Stanley Brul ◽  
Gertjan Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Resistance ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Food Isolate ◽  
Wet Heat

Bacterial endospores (spores) are among the most resistant living forms on earth. Spores of Bacillus subtilis A163 show extremely high resistance to wet heat compared to spores of laboratory strains. In this study, we found that spores of B. subtilis A163 were indeed very wet heat resistant and released dipicolinic acid (DPA) very slowly during heat treatment. We also determined the proteome of vegetative cells and spores of B. subtilis A163 and the differences in these proteomes from those of the laboratory strain PY79, spores of which are much less heat resistant. This proteomic characterization identified 2011 proteins in spores and 1901 proteins in vegetative cells of B. subtilis A163. Surprisingly, spore morphogenic protein SpoVM had no homologs in B. subtilis A163. Comparing protein expression between these two strains uncovered 108 proteins that were differentially present in spores and 93 proteins differentially present in cells. In addition, five of the seven proteins on an operon in strain A163, which is thought to be primarily responsible for this strain’s spores high heat resistance, were also identified. These findings reveal proteomic differences of the two strains exhibiting different resistance to heat and form a basis for further mechanistic analysis of the high heat resistance of B. subtilis A163 spores.

Heterogeneity and the modelling of bacterial spore death: the case of continuously decreasing death rate

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Sharpe ◽  
Roger M. Bektash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Bacterial Spore ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Model Based

Models for the inactivation of bacterial spores for the case of continuously decreasing death rate are reviewed and extended to show that it is not possible to distinguish between one particular model based upon the innate heterogeneity of the population and that based upon the acquisition of heat resistance during the heating process. Two innate heterogeneity models have been fitted to published data.

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle based fluorometric turn-on determination of dipicolinic acid, a biomarker of bacterial spores

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Congcong Shen ◽  
Minghui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Turn On

Death rates of bacterial spores: nonlinear survivor curves

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn W. Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Spore Population

Nonlinear survivor curves were obtained when spores of Bacillus cereus were heated in physiological saline solution. Curvilinear survivor curves did not appear to be caused by experimental artifacts but by the heterogeneity of spore population with regard to heat resistance.

Colorimetric Assay for Dipicolinic Acid in Bacterial Spores

Science ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 127 (3288) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. JANSSEN ◽  
A. J. LUND ◽  
L. E. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores
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