Estimation of the time course of slow-wave sleep over the night in depressed patients: effects of clomipramine and clinical response

A sleep-promoting factor was extracted from human urine. Intraventricular infusion of the purified material induced excess slow-wave sleep in rats and rabbits for 5--10 h after the infusion. Chemical properties of the urinary factor were similar to those of factor S derived from whole brains of sleep-deprived goats, sheep, and rabbits. The behavior of the urinary factor in two ion exchange chromatographic steps, high voltage electrophoresis, gel-filtration, and ultrafiltration was similar to that of factor S. Effects of the purified urinary factor on slow-wave sleep of rats and rabbits were similar in time-course and duration to those of factor S from brain. However, the factor obtained from human urine did not increase the amplitude of cortical slow waves to the same extent as did factor S from brains of sleep-deprived animals.

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Time course of EEG power density during long sleep in humans

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.3.r650 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (3) ◽

pp. R650-R661 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. J. Dijk ◽

D. P. Brunner ◽

A. A. Borbely

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Process Model ◽

Time Course ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Base Line ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Recovery Sleep ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg

In nine subjects sleep was recorded under base-line conditions with a habitual bedtime (prior wakefulness 16 h; lights off at 2300 h) and during recovery from sleep deprivation with a phase-advanced bedtime (prior wakefulness 36 h; lights off at 1900 h). The duration of phase-advanced recovery sleep was greater than 12 h in all subjects. Spectral analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed that slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.75-4.5 Hz) in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep was significantly enhanced during the first two NREM-REM sleep cycles of displaced recovery sleep. The sleep stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep) and SWA decreased monotonically over the first three and four NREM-REM cycles of, respectively, base-line and recovery sleep. The time course of SWA in base-line and recovery sleep could be adequately described by an exponentially declining function with a horizontal asymptote. The results are in accordance with the two-process model of sleep regulation in which it is assumed that SWA rises as a function of the duration of prior wakefulness and decreases exponentially as a function of prior sleep. We conclude that the present data do not provide evidence for a 12.5-h sleep-dependent rhythm of deep NREM sleep.

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The time course of ‘process S’: comparison of visually scored slow wave sleep and power spectral analysis

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/0013-4694(88)90089-2 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 278-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. Brunet ◽

D. Nish ◽

A.W. MacLean ◽

M. Coulter ◽

J.B. Knowles

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Time Course ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Power Spectral Analysis ◽

Power Spectral

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Slow-Wave Sleep in Daytime and Nocturnal Sleep: An Estimate of the Time Course of "Process S"

Journal of Biological Rhythms ◽

10.1177/074873048600100404 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

John B. Knowles ◽

Alistair W. MacLean ◽

Laura Salem ◽

Charles Vetere ◽

Margot Coulter

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Time Course ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Nocturnal Sleep

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Slow Wave Activity Related to Working Memory Maintenance in the N-Back Task

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000164 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 141-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kira Bailey ◽

Gregory Mlynarczyk ◽

Robert West

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Time Course ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Response Accuracy ◽

Functional Neuroanatomy ◽

Stimulus Interval ◽

Back Task

Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.

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