Self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus after electrolytic injury of the medial forebrain bundle in the cat

Two electrode pairs were implanted in each rat, one in dorso-medial tegmentum or medial hypothalamus and one in lateral hypothalamus. Four sequential tests were repeatedly administered in a two-pedal Skinner box: hypothalamic self-stimulation, tegmental self-stimulation, hypothalamic escape, and tegmental escape. Results indicate that with electrodes in medial forebrain bundle regions of hypothalamus, there is self-stimulation but no escape; with electrodes in dorso-medial tegmentum, there is escape but no self-stimulation. In both cases, this holds for all suprathreshold stimulus levels. With electrodes placed more medially in hypothalamus, or lower in tegmentum, the same electrode may yield both self-stimulation and escape depending on the nature of the test.

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Intracranial Self-stimulation of the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0b013e3182518be3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 1116-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric E. Ewan ◽

Thomas J. Martin

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

Maximal Effect ◽

Direct Stimulation ◽

And Control ◽

Self Stimulation ◽

Dopaminergic Pathways ◽

Stimulation Of

Background Neuropathic pain attenuates opioid facilitation of rewarding electrical stimulation of limbic dopaminergic pathways originating from the ventral tegmental area. Whether neuropathic pain alters opioid effects of other brain-reward systems is unknown. Methods Control and spinal nerve-ligated (SNL) rats had electrodes implanted into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus or medial forebrain bundle. Control and SNL rats were trained to lever-press for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), and modulation by morphine or cocaine was assessed. Results Control and SNL rats lever-pressed for stimulation of the PVN and medial forebrain bundle. Morphine produced greater reductions in the frequency at which rats emitted 50% of maximal responding for PVN ICSS (maximal effect 24.67 ± 4.60 [mean ± SEM] and 24.11 ± 5.96 in SNL [n = 6] and control [n = 8] rats, respectively, compared with medial forebrain bundle ICSS (12.38 ± 6.77 [n = 8] and 12.69 ± 1.55 [n = 7]). In contrast, cocaine was less efficacious in potentiating PVN ICSS (maximal effect 11.76 ± 2.86 and 12.38 ± 4.01 in SNL [n = 12] and control [n = 8] rats, respectively) compared with medial forebrain bundle ICSS (30.58 ± 3.40 [n = 9] and 27.55 ± 4.51 [n = 7]). Conclusions PVN ICSS is facilitated to a greater extent by morphine than cocaine, and the effects of each drug on this behavior are unaltered after spinal nerve ligation. These effects contrast those observed with direct stimulation of limbic dopamine pathways, suggesting that the PVN may have a greater role in the reinforcing effects of opioids than classic limbic regions, particularly in the presence of chronic pain.

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increased dopamine and serotonin metabolism in rat nucleus accumbens produced by intracranial self-stimulation of medial forebrain bundle as measured by in vivo microdialysis

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(89)91234-1 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 495 (1) ◽

pp. 178-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Daiichiro Nakahara ◽

Norio Ozaki ◽

Yoshihiro Miura ◽

Hideki Miura ◽

Toshiharu Nagatsu

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽

In Vivo Microdialysis ◽

Serotonin Metabolism ◽

Rat Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Self Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

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Features of the involvement of the dopamine and serotonin brain systems in positive and negative emotional states in rats

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf182123-130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 123-130

Author(s):

Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽

Andrei A. Lebedev ◽

Nikolai S. Efimov ◽

Artyem S. Kryukov ◽

Inessa V. Karpova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Lateral Hypothalamus ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Aversive Stimulation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Emotional States ◽

Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽

Self Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

The aim was to study the effect of rewarding and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on the turnover of monoamines in the terminal structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum (St). The Wistar male rats were implanted electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and further trained in self-stimulation test. Animals were also selected on aversive emotional reactions were observed after pressing the pedal for self-stimulation. Subsequently, forced stimulation was performed for 5 minutes and the animals were decapitated. The content of norepinephrine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dioxiphenylacetic acid (DOPАС) and homovanilinic acid, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Positive and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus decreased the level of DA in the NAc, however, only stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zone increased the DA and 5-HT turnover in the NAc, as evidenced by an increase in the DOPАС/DA and 5-HIAA/SER ratios, respectively. Rewarding and aversive stimulation decreased the level of 5-HT in St, however, only rewarding stimulation decreased the St level of 5-HIAA compared to control and animals with aversive stimulation. Rewarding stimulation increased the turnover of serotonin in St, as evidenced by the increase of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The activity of the noradrenergic system did not change after rewarding and aversive stimulation. Thus, both rewarding and aversive electrical stimulation increases the turnover of DA and 5-HT in NAc and St. However, these changes are more significant after rewarding stimulation. DA turnover increases more in NAc, and 5-HT turnover in St. The data obtained indicate the specificity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement for the formation of a modality of emotional reactions. Data may provide guidance for developing treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases related to the malfunction of the reward system.

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Asymmetry of reinforcing properties of the lateral hypothalamus in the self-stimulation test

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf16237-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Nikolay S Efimov ◽

Yulia N Bessolova ◽

Inessa V Karpova ◽

Andrei A Lebedev ◽

Petr D Shabanov

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Lateral Hypothalamus ◽

The Self ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Reinforcing Agent ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Right ◽

Self Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

In the protocols of modern pharmacological studies of a self-stimulation reaction in rodents, stimulating electrodes are implanted as a rule unilaterally. The reinforcing properties of the left and right hypothalamus were suggested to be identical. The aim of the study was to clear up if the possibilities of the left and right hypothalamus to produce self-stimulation are similar or not. Methods. The study was carried out on adult male Wistar rats. The electrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus bilaterally. The rats, in which an approach reaction was observed, learned self-stimulation in the Skinner box with stimulation of the left or right hypothalamus as a reinforcing agent descending thresholds of stimulation up to minimal one. Results. Self-stimulation of the left hypothalamus gave an approach reaction in the majority of rats (81.8%), self-stimulation reaction was developed in 72.7% of rats. Only 46.2% rats reacted on stimulation of the right hypothalamus, self-stimulation reaction was developed in 30.8% of rats. The thresholds of positive and negative reactions registered after electrical stimulation of both sides of hypothalamus were significantly differed (H(3, N = 31) = 14,92; p = 0,002). And these changes were not connected with lateralization but with sign of reaction: in general the thresholds of approach reaction were higher than thresholds of avoidance. Conclusion. In the paper, the fact of different possibility of approach reaction and self-stimulation development as a result of electrical stimulation of the left and right hypothalamus in rats has been described. After stimulation of the left hypothalamus, a possibility to receive positive reaction and to form self-stimulation on its basis is higher than after stimulation of the right hypothalamus. (For citation: Efimov NS, Bessolova YN, Karpova IV, et al. Asymmetry of reinforcing properties of the lateral hypothalamus in the self-stimulation test. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2018;16(2):37-41. doi: 10.17816/RCF16237-41).

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