A cortical slow potential is larger before an isolated movement of a single finger than simultaneous movement of two fingers

We tested several techniques for decoding the activity of primary motor cortex (M1) neurons during movements of single fingers or pairs of fingers. We report that single finger movements can be decoded with >99% accuracy using as few as 30 neurons randomly selected from populations of task-related neurons recorded from the M1 hand representation. This number was reduced to 20 neurons or less when the neurons were not picked randomly but selected on the basis of their information content. We extended techniques for decoding single finger movements to the problem of decoding the simultaneous movement of two fingers. Movements of pairs of fingers were decoded with 90.9% accuracy from 100 neurons. The techniques we used to obtain these results can be applied, not only to movements of single fingers and pairs of fingers as reported here, but also to movements of arbitrary combinations of fingers. The remarkably small number of neurons needed to decode a relatively large repertoire of movements involving either one or two effectors is encouraging for the development of neural prosthetics that will control hand movements.

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Increasing Efficiency of Resonance Method of Fracturing an Ice Cover with the Simultaneous Movement of Two Air Cushion Vehicles

Прикладная механика и техническая физика ◽

10.15372/pmtf20170220 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Resonance Method ◽

Ice Cover ◽

Air Cushion ◽

Simultaneous Movement ◽

Air Cushion Vehicles

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Neural dynamics of trainee teachers' emotional conflict processing: An event-related potential study

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Li Jin ◽

Xu Li ◽

Jiamei Lu ◽

Nianqu Chen ◽

Lin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Context ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

The Body ◽

Educational Context ◽

Congruent Condition ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Emotional Conflict ◽

Trainee Teachers ◽

Related Potentials

We investigated emotional conflict in an educational context with an emotional body–word Stroop paradigm, examining whether the N450 (a late fronto-central phasic negative event-related potential signature) and slow potential (SP) effects could be evoked in trainee teachers. The N450 effect is characterized by topography and negative polarity of an incongruent minus congruent difference potential, and the SP effect has positive polarity (incongruent minus congruent difference potential). Positive and negative body language examples were obtained from pupils in an actual school context, and emotional words were selected. Compound stimuli were presented, each comprising a congruent or incongruent word displayed across a body image. Event-related potentials were recorded while participants judged body expression valence. Reaction times were longer and accuracies were lower for the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. The N450 component amplitude in the incongruent condition was more negative than in the congruent condition. Results showed a behavioral interference effect and an N450 effect for trainee teachers in this context, thus indicating that the body–word task was efficient in assessing emotional conflict in an educational context, and trainee teachers' perception of body expressions of students could be influenced by emotional signals. The findings further the understanding of emotional conflict in an educational context.

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Brain DC potentials: Effects of preceding slow potential shifts (pSPSs)

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/0167-8760(89)90350-4 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 7 (2-4) ◽

pp. 415-416

Author(s):

M. Trimmel ◽

E. Groll-Knapp ◽

M. Haider

Keyword(s):

Slow Potential ◽

Potential Shifts ◽

Dc Potentials

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Slow potential change in human brain related to level of motivation.

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0024146 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Charles S. Rebert ◽

Dale W. McAdam ◽

John R. Knott

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Potential Change ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Level Of Motivation

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Slow potential shifts and individual modes of information processing

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/0167-8760(91)90165-t ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

R. Haschke ◽

M. Tennigkeit ◽

J. Lehmann ◽

C. Helfenbein ◽

W. Haschke

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Potential Shifts

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Self Powered Flexible Electronics Based on Self Poled “Ferroelectretic” Nanogenerator

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.319 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (45) ◽

pp. 3083-3088 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sujoy Kumar Ghosh ◽

Dipankar Mandal

Keyword(s):

Composite Film ◽

Flexible Electronics ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Pvdf Film ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Single Finger ◽

Finger Touch ◽

Self Powered ◽

Pure Pvdf

ABSTRACTA ferroelectric nanogenerator without any electric poling treatment has been realized by incorporation of ytterbium (Yb) salt incorporated porous PVDF composite film. The composite film compose of electroactive β- and γ-phases, demonstrates higher dielectric and ferroelectric polarization responses than pure PVDF film. The 3 V of open circuit voltage with 0.47 µW/cm2 power density was generated by the nanogenerator upon single finger touch. It can also operate capacitor and light emitting diode without any subsidiary batteries.

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Globalization and the Politics of Translation Studies

Meta Journal des traducteurs ◽

10.7202/014339ar ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 744-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anthony Pym

Keyword(s):

International Association ◽

Translation Studies ◽

Fundamental Change ◽

Production Processes ◽

Global Demand ◽

Minority Cultures ◽

Production And Distribution ◽

Simultaneous Movement ◽

Political Principles ◽

Cultural Alterity

Abstract Globalization can be seen as a consequence of technologies reducing the costs of communication. This reduction has led both to the rise of English as the international lingua franca and to an increase in the global demand for translations. The simultaneous movement on both fronts is explained by the divergent communication strategies informing the production and distribution of information, where translation can only be expected to remain significant for distribution, and not for production. The fundamental change in the resulting communication patterns is the emergence of one-to-many document production processes, which are displacing the traditional source-target models still used in Translation Studies. Translation Studies might nevertheless retain a set of political principles that could constitute its own identity with respect to globalization. Such principles would be expressed in the national and regional organization of the discipline, in the defense of minority cultures, and in a general stake in cultural alterity. The possible existence of such principles is here examined on the basis of three instances where Translation Studies might address globalization in political terms: the weakness of the discipline in dominant monocultures, the development of an international association of Translation Studies, and political boycotts of translation scholars.

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Dynamic relationship between the slow potential and spikes in cockroach ocellar neurons.

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.91.5.703 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 703-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M Mizunami ◽

H Tateda

Keyword(s):

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Spike Threshold ◽

Noise Current ◽

Initiation Process ◽

The Mean ◽

Spike Initiation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Potential Level

The relationship between the slow potential and spikes of second-order ocellar neurons of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was studied. The stimulus was a sinusoidally modulated light with various mean illuminances. A solitary spike was generated at the depolarizing phase of the modulation response. Analysis of the relationship between the amplitude/frequency of voltage modulation and the rate of spike generation showed that (a) the spike initiation process was bandpass at approximately 0.5-5 Hz, (b) the process contained a dynamic linearity and a static nonlinearity, and (c) the spike threshold at optimal frequencies (0.5-5 Hz) remained unchanged over a mean illuminance range of 3.6 log units, whereas (d) the spike threshold at frequencies of less than 0.5 Hz was lower at a dimmer mean illuminance. The voltage noise in the response was larger and the mean membrane potential level was more positive at a dimmer mean illuminance. Steady or noise current injection during sinusoidal light stimulation showed that (a) the decrease in the spike threshold at a dimmer mean illuminance was due to the increase in the noise variance: the noise had facilitatory effects on the spike initiation; and (b) the change in the mean potential level had little effect on the spike threshold. We conclude that fundamental signal modifications occur during the spike initiation in the cockroach ocellar neuron, a finding that differs from the spike initiation process in other visual systems, including Limulus eye and vertebrate retina, in which it is presumed that little signal modification occurs at the analog-to-digital conversion process.

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