An image intensifier laser guidance system for the distal locking of an intramedullary nail

This paper presents a prototype system for computer assisted surgery, the purpose of which is to assist orthopaedic surgeons when performing distal locking of intramedullary nails. This system comprises three components, namely: an Intelligent Image Intensifier, a Trajectory Tactician and an Intelligent Trajectory Guide. The Intelligent Image Intensifier is an X-ray vision system that provides accurate X-ray images. Such images enable the Trajectory Tactician software to analyse the operation site and calculate the trajectory required for a screw to lock an intramedullary nail. This involves the capture of two X-ray images from which are extracted the projections of the nail's edge boundaries and its distal locking holes. Using an analytical mathematical model of the nail, the position and orientation of the nail is determined. The trajectory is then implemented by the surgeon using the Intelligent Trajectory Guide. Evaluation in the laboratory suggests that the system is capable of reliably inserting a locking screw into an intramedullary nail. The rapidity with which this computer assisted method achieves locking should benefit both patient and surgeon by reducing radiation dosage and the length of time required to lock a nail.

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Development of laser guidance system for UAV

The Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch ◽

10.1299/jsmecs.2021.59.10a1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021.59 (0) ◽

pp. 10a1

Author(s):

Naoki KAMIO ◽

Masafumi MIWA ◽

Yusuke TAKEUCHI

Keyword(s):

Guidance System ◽

Laser Guidance

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Treatment of Pathological Fractures of the Humerus with a Locked Intramedullary Nail

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/230949900301100108 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

AJ Bauze ◽

MT Clayer

Keyword(s):

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Intramedullary Nail ◽

Cement Augmentation ◽

Retrograde Nailing ◽

Common Site ◽

Pathological Fractures ◽

Distal Locking ◽

Local Progression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Progression Of Disease

Purpose. The humerus is a common site for metastasis. Intramedullary nail fixation has been reported to be the best form of fixation for this disease but complications occur. This study aimed to assess the use of a new humeral nail to treat pathological fractures and impending pathological fractures of the humerus. Methods. 29 patients received 31 Austofix locked intramedullary humeral nails: 25 for pathological fractures and 6 for impending fractures; 24 nails were inserted anterograde and 7 retrograde. Cement augmentation was applied in 4 patients, and adjuvant therapy was used in 28 patients. Complications occurred in 12 patients. Results. Fixation failed in 6 patients: 2 due to intra-operative fractures during retrograde nailing, one due to a fracture through screw holes postoperatively, and 3 due to local progression of disease. Difficulty in distal locking of the nail was encountered in 4 patients. Locked intramedullary nailing resulted in a stable humerus in 80% of patients. Conclusion. Retrograde insertion of the nail is associated with an increased risk of intra-operative fracture, and disease progression can occur, despite the administration of adjuvant therapy.

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A Concept of a Compact and Inexpensive Device for Controlling Weeds with Laser Beams

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1616

Author(s):

Ildar Rakhmatulin ◽

Christian Andreasen

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Decision Model ◽

Control Device ◽

Guidance System ◽

Laser Beams ◽

Laser Guidance ◽

Couch Grass ◽

Elytrigia Repens ◽

Weed Plants ◽

Plant Length

A prototype of a relatively cheap laser-based weeding device was developed and tested on couch grass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski) mixed with tomatoes. Three types of laser were used (0.3 W, 1 W, and 5 W). A neural network was trained to identify the weed plants, and a laser guidance system estimated the coordinates of the weed. An algorithm was developed to estimate the energy necessary to harm the weed plants. We also developed a decision model for the weed control device. The energy required to damage a plant depended on the diameter of the plant which was related to plant length. The 1 W laser was not sufficient to eliminate all weed plants and required too long exposure time. The 5 W laser was more efficient but also harmed the crop if the laser beam became split into two during the weeding process. There were several challenges with the device, which needs to be improved upon. In particular, the time of exposure needs to be reduced significantly. Still, the research showed that it is possible to develop a concept for laser weeding using relatively cheap equipment, which can work in complicated situations where weeds and crop are mixed.

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Development of new laser guidance system which improves accuracy of image-guided biopsy

Academic Radiology ◽

10.1016/s1076-6332(97)80302-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 844-845

Author(s):

F. Scott Pereles ◽

Evan C. Unger ◽

Michael R. Baker ◽

Elizabeth A. Krupinski

Keyword(s):

Guidance System ◽

Laser Guidance ◽

Image Guided ◽

Guided Biopsy

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CIGuide: in situ augmented reality laser guidance

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11548-019-02066-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Zoltán Bárdosi ◽

Christian Plattner ◽

Yusuf Özbek ◽

Thomas Hofmann ◽

Srdjan Milosavljevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Skull Base ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Needle Insertion ◽

Guidance System ◽

Laser Guidance ◽

End Effector ◽

Magnetic Tracking ◽

Lateral Skull Base

Abstract Purpose A robotic intraoperative laser guidance system with hybrid optic-magnetic tracking for skull base surgery is presented. It provides in situ augmented reality guidance for microscopic interventions at the lateral skull base with minimal mental and workload overhead on surgeons working without a monitor and dedicated pointing tools. Methods Three components were developed: a registration tool (Rhinospider), a hybrid magneto-optic-tracked robotic feedback control scheme and a modified robotic end-effector. Rhinospider optimizes registration of patient and preoperative CT data by excluding user errors in fiducial localization with magnetic tracking. The hybrid controller uses an integrated microscope HD camera for robotic control with a guidance beam shining on a dual plate setup avoiding magnetic field distortions. A robotic needle insertion platform (iSYS Medizintechnik GmbH, Austria) was modified to position a laser beam with high precision in a surgical scene compatible to microscopic surgery. Results System accuracy was evaluated quantitatively at various target positions on a phantom. The accuracy found is 1.2 mm ± 0.5 mm. Errors are primarily due to magnetic tracking. This application accuracy seems suitable for most surgical procedures in the lateral skull base. The system was evaluated quantitatively during a mastoidectomy of an anatomic head specimen and was judged useful by the surgeon. Conclusion A hybrid robotic laser guidance system with direct visual feedback is proposed for navigated drilling and intraoperative structure localization. The system provides visual cues directly on/in the patient anatomy, reducing the standard limitations of AR visualizations like depth perception. The custom- built end-effector for the iSYS robot is transparent to using surgical microscopes and compatible with magnetic tracking. The cadaver experiment showed that guidance was accurate and that the end-effector is unobtrusive. This laser guidance has potential to aid the surgeon in finding the optimal mastoidectomy trajectory in more difficult interventions.

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