The effects of different compositions of growth media on the development of microplants of the Solnechny potato variety

The results of studying the effect of nutrient media of various compositions on the growth of improved micro-plants of potatoes of the Solnechny variety grown under laboratory conditions in vitro are presented. Six compositions of the nutrient medium were studied: standard Murashige-Skuga medium modified for micropropagation (considered as a control), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of mineral components (up to 1/2 and up to 1/3), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with an increased content of agar-agar (10 g/l), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of agar-agar (4 g/l), Murashige-Skuga medium modified with the addition of 3 mg/L giberrellinic acid and 1 mg/L indoliacetic acid. The following parameters of cultivated plants were taken into account: plant length, root presence, number of internodes, total plant mass, leaf mass, root mass, leaf plate surface area. The use of modified nutrient media with a reduced content of mineral components led to an increase in plant length (by 28-30%), stem mass (by 25%) due to leaf mass (by 18%) and stem mass (by 31%) and the total surface area of leaf plates (by 12%). In the variant using a medium with 1/3 mineral components an increase in the mass of the root system was observed (by 20%). When growing plants on a modified nutrient medium with a high content of agar-agar, a decrease in the length of plants (by 6%), a decrease in the mass of the scion (by 12%) due to a decrease in the mass of the stem (by 15%) was observed. Plants grown on a modified nutrient medium with a reduced content of agar-agar were distinguished by a larger mass of the root system (by 10%), scion (by 17%) (due to an increase in leaf mass (by 27%), as well as the total surface area of leaf plates (by 22%). When growth regulators (giberrellin and indoliacetic acid) were added to the modified nutrient medium, a significant increase in plant height (by 70%), a decrease in the mass of the root system (by 50%) and leaves (by 46%), and an increase in the mass of the stem (by 23%) were observed. The total leaf surface area was 28% lower than the control values. For accelerated micropropagation of improved potato plants of the Solnechny variety and preparation of plants for transplanting to aerohydroponic systems in order to produce mini-tubers, the following modified nutrient media are optimal options: with a reduced number of mineral components (1/2 and 1/3) and with a reduced content of agar-agar.

Effect of the Amount and Timing of Ammonium Sulfate Single Top-dressing Application on Growth and Yield of Akitakomachi Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The effect of the amount and the timing of single top-dressing application of Ammonium sulfate fertilizer on the growth and yield of Akitakomachi rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated in this study. Two amounts (20kg.ha-1 and 50kg.ha-1) of Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) fertilizer were applied at three timings;14 days after transplanting, panicle initiation, and flowering respectively, giving six treatments (14DAT:20, 14DAT:50, PI:20, PI:50, FL:20 & FL:50). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Growth data were collected on plant length, number of tillers and leaf color, and calculated yield and yield components were determined. Plant length was significantly higher in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, and lowest in FL:20 and FL:50. Tiller number was higher in 14DAT:50 compared to the other treatments. 14DAT:50 and PI:50 produced the highest number of panicles per m2. PI:20 and PI:50 had the highest number of spikelets per panicle. The 1000 grains weight was highest in PI:50 and lowest in 14DAT:50. The highest yields were obtained in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, while FL:20 and FL:50 produced the lowest yields. The results showed that for nitrogen (N) single top-dressing application, high amounts increase both the plant growth and the grain yield if the application is done at vegetative stage or at panicle initiation stage. However, if the nitrogen (N) amount is too high, there exist the risk that the plants may lodge.

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN GA3 DAN BEBERAPA MACAM TSS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

[THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION IN GA3 AND SOME KINDS OF TSS ON THE GROWTH OF SHALLOTS (Allium ascalonicum L.)]. Shallots (Allium ascolonicum L.) are very much needed by the community and have become one of the high-value commodities in Indonesia. TSS or True Shallot Seed is an elective that can be created as a wellspring of seeds and is an answer for address the issue for quality shallot seeds. In the utilization of TSS seeds, there are still a few deterrents in low development strength. In the use of TSS seeds, there are still some obstacles in low growth strength. Dormancy can be solved by treatment with growth regulators that can encourage, inhibit or qualitatively alter plant development and advancement. One of the PGRs that is regularly utilized is Gibberellins (GA3). This review meant to get the connection between splashing time with a few TSS seeds on the development of shallots, which included germination, development simultaneously, development speed, germination life, plant length, and the quantity of leaves. This examination was led in Ketindan Town, Lawang Area, Malang Regime, East Java, from February to April 2021. This review was a factorial investigation organized dependent on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of 2 factors: the length of inundation and the kind of TSS seeds that were rehashed as much as multiple times. The main variable was the inundation time in a GA3 arrangement with a centralization of 40 ppm comprising of no dousing, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes of inundation. The seed factor of shallot TSS consists of TSS Sanren, TSS Lokananta, and TSS Bauji. The outcomes showed that the mix of splashing time and TSS seed type fundamentally impacted development speed simultaneously and the quantity of leaves 7 dap.

Isolation and Diagnosis of Pathogenic Fungi Associated With Zucchini Cucurbita Pepo Roots and Their Bio-Control

This study aimed to isolate and diagnose the main pathogens of zucchini root rot, test their pathogenicity, and evaluate their control with some biological agents under laboratory conditions. The results of diagnostic isolation from the roots of the zucchini crop that showed symptoms of the disease showed the presence and dominance of two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum (FO1, FO2), three isolates of Fusarium solani (FS1, FS2, FS3) and three isolates of Rhizoctonia solani (RS1, RS2, RS3) and two isolates of Pythium spp (PY1, PY2), which was present in a ratio of 65-25% in most of the samples collected from the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture/University of Karbala. F. solani had the highest frequency, at 60.00%, and had the highest occurrence in sample 3, which was 65.00%, followed by R. solani and F. oxysporum with 48.33 and 40.00% occurrence, respectively. The pathogenicity test of fungal isolates on red radish seeds showed that all isolates significantly reduced radish seeds germination under laboratory conditions. The results showed the effect of pathogenic fungal isolates on germination and growth of zucchini plants in protected cultivation, which led to a significant reduction in germination percentage, fresh weight of the plant, plant height and a high rate of disease severity. FS1 and RS1 isolates completely prevented seed germination, followed by FS2 and FO2 isolates with equal germination rate of 22.22%, compared to control treatment with 100% germination rate. FS2 isolate had the highest infection severity rate of 97%, followed by FO2 isolation with 94% compared to no infection in control treatment. The minimum plant length was 0.267 cm in the FS2 isolation treatment, followed by the FS3 isolate, with a plant length of 0.567 cm, compared to 2.553 cm in the control treatment. FO1 isolation led to the highest reduction in plant fresh weight by 81%, followed by isolate FS2 with 78% compared to control treatment. The test of the inhibitory ability of the biological control agents showed the presence of high antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum, Chaetomium sp and Sordaria sp against pathogenic fungal isolates. T. harzianum was the highest antagonistic against all the pathogenic fungal isolates, recording grade 1 antagonism according to Bell et al. (1982) after seven days of dual culture. Also, Chaetomium sp and Sordaria sp showed antagonistic ability of 1 and 2 degrees against pathogenic fungal isolates under study.

Effect of Nano Fertilizers and Its Applying Methods on Growth Parameters of Senna (Cassia Angustifolia) Seedling Plant

The experiment was carried out at Plant Production Department, Agricultural Technical College, Mosul, Iraq at spring 2020 to investigate the effect of two Nano fertilizers kind (K 27%and Complex fertilizer Cu 1%, S 13%, Zn 11.5 %, Mn 6.5%, Fe7.5%, and Citric Acid 3.5 %.)and control (zero fertilizer). With three applying methods(spraying, soil addition, spraying + soil addition) on Senna seedlings. The treatments were layout in factorial experiment in RCBD Design with three replicates. The results showed that adding nano fertilizers by Spraying+ Soil Addition increase significantly plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. Also applying Complex Nano fertilizer increase significantly all the parameters(plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. compared with control and the increasing percentage were(62.12, 28.22,123.37, 19.19, 197.95, 154.48, 261.64, 114.26%)for the parameters respectively. The interaction treatments between nano fertilizers an applying methods show a significant effect for all the parameters.

Selection of perspective early mutant lines of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in drought conditions

In 2020 a field experiment was conducted with mutant lines of common bean from M4 generations at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv. The aim of the study was to determine the productivity of plants in drought conditions. Twenty four mutant lines were studied in two variants: optimal (non-treated) and reduced (treated) irrigation regimes. A description of the mutant lines was made according to the following features: color: coloring of the flag; beans - length without beak; bean shape in cross section (through the seed); beans-basic coloring; flowering time. Phenological data were collected for phenophases: budding, flowering, fruit size, consumption and botanical maturity. At consumption maturity, biometric measurements were made of 5 plants per repetition on the following indicators: fresh weight (g) of a plant; number and fresh mass (g) of green beans per plant; length (cm) and width (cm) of beans, total fresh biomass (g). The highest productivity found among the treated plants in consumption maturity were the early mutant lines M 564-193-9-1-1 and 564-193-9-1-2, followed by M 564-190-1-1-1, M 564-110-1-2, and M 564-191-1-1-2, compared to the parent line L 564 and all the rest of early mutant lines. The treated plants developed the phenophases 7-10 days later than those with optimal watering.

Effect of Ammonium Sulfate Application Levels on the Growth and Yield of IR-28 Rice

The study was conducted in JICA Tsukuba experimental rice field RE-2 from April 2018 to September 2018, to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (Ammonium sulfate) application, on the growth and the yield of IR-28 rice. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied; 0kg.ha-1 (N0), 40kg.ha-1(N40), 60kg.ha-1(N60) and 80kg.ha-1(N80). For each of the four levels, part of the fertilizer was applied as basal dressing prior to transplanting, and the rest was applied as top-dressing at the panicle initiation stage. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The plant length, the tiller number and the leaf colour were measured for growth data. The number of panicles per m2, the number of spikelets per panicle, the spikelet fertility rate, the 1000 grains weight, and the calculated yield were determined for yield components assessment. The plant length and the tiller number were significantly higher in N80 and N60 compared to N40 and N0, and N80 showed the highest values. There was no significant difference among the four nitrogen levels in terms of the number of panicles per m2 and the number of spikelets per panicle. The spikelet fertility rate and the 1000 grains weight were significantly higher in N80, N60 and N40 compared to N0, and no significant difference was observed among the three. Calculated yield values were higher in N80 (5.74 tons.ha-1) and N60 (5.38 tons.ha-1) compared to N40(4.88 tons.ha-1) and N0 (4.36 tons.ha-1), but there were no significant differences among the four treatments (5% Level of HSD). These results suggest that a high yield of rice can be achieved through the application of high amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. N60 nitrogen level can be recommended for optimum yield of IR-28. Although N80 showed higher yield and yield components, N60 is the best and the most economical nitrogen level required for optimum yield of IR-28.

Dailily cultivar Regina flowering under different NPK doses

The knowledge of fertilization in ornamental plant production is essential to improve productivity and longevity of plants and their flowers. In the case of Hemerocallis x hybrida Hort. there is only few studies showing this relation. The lack of research in the field led the execution of this study, which aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of NPK on the growth of daylily cultivar Regina. The study was conducted in an experimental area at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, located in Toledo, PR, Brazil. Seedlings were obtained from dividing the parent plants’ clumps which were cultivated in a clonal garden. Subsequently, standardization was carried out regarding the length of the aerial part of 10 cm and root system of approximately 5 cm. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with five treatments, containing four replications with five plants each. The treatments consisted of five doses (0; 4.5; 9.0; 13.5 and 18.0 g pl-1) using NPK (4-14-8). The parameters evaluated were number of shoots per plant, number of leaves per shoot, number of stems per plant, length of stems per plant and number of flower buds per stems. We observed the flowering timing was influenced by the different doses of NPK. There was linear fit for the parameters and the dose of 18 g pl-1 promoted the best results, except for the number of stems per plant. The results indicate that increasing doses of NPK positively influence the flowering period, and promote an increase in the number of shoots, stem length and number of flower buds.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Mentimun dengan Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Itik di Lahan Rawa Lebak

Cucumber productivity fluctuates and tends to decrease due to suboptimal cultivation techniques such as the use of varieties and fertilization. Superior varieties are recommended to be planted because varieties improve production and yield quality. Manure in addition to improving physical properties and soil fertility can also keep soil moisture high in lebak wetland. This study aims to determine (i) the effect of the best interaction and interaction between two cucumber varieties and the dose of duck manure, (ii) the effect of single factor and the best two varieties of cucumber, (iii) the effect of single factor dose of duck manure and the best dose. . The research was conducted in March - June 2020 in Rantau Karau Hilir Village, Sungai Pandan District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of the first factor of variety (v) namely v1 = Misano variety, v2 = Commander variety, the second factor was the dose of duck manure (d) namely d1 = 0 kg. plot-1 , d2 = 1 kg.plot-1, d3 = 2 kg.plot-1 , d4 = 3 kg.plot-1. The results showed that there was no interaction between cucumber varieties and the dose of duck manure. The single factor of two cucumber varieties had a very significant effect on the variables of plant length, the number of branches, flowering age, fruit weight of plots, and fruit length of plots except for the number of fruit plots. with the best variety Misano variety, The single factor of duck manure had a very significant effect on all observation variables with the best dose of 3 kg.plot-1 equivalent to 30/t.ha-1.

Effect of Fucus extract and biomass enriched with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions on the growth of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) under laboratory conditions

In the present study, brown seaweed - Fucus vesiculosus was used as a raw material for the preparation of bio-products for sustainable agriculture. Biosorption was applied to produce fertilizer additives with microelements. F. vesiculosus was enriched with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. Biostimulants of plant growth were obtained by seaweed extraction with potassium hydroxide. Different doses of enriched F. vesiculosus (1, 2, 4, 6 mg/per Petri dish) and concentrations of seaweed extract (2.5, 5 and 10%) were examined in germination test on garden cress (Lepidium sativum). The effect of both algal products on the plant length, RGB parameters in leaves and biomass multielement composition was examined. Results showed that the biomass enrichment did not influence plant length and RGB parameters. Taking into account these two parameters, the best results were obtained in the group treated with natural F. vesiculosus (higher than in the control group, treated with distilled water). Enriched F. vesiculosus biofortified garden cress with Cu and Zn. In the case of Fucus extract, 5% concentration increased plant length and the value of RGB parameters when compared with the control group. Also this extract concentration resulted in elevated content of micro- and macroelements in Lepidium sativum. Seaweed extract is recommended for further research as biostimulant of plant growth. Highlights - Fucus vesiculosus is a valuable raw material for agriculture. - Fucus vesiculosus extract can act as biostimulants of plant growth. - Fucus vesiculosus enriched with microelements via biosorption can be used as a fertilizing material providing plants with these nutrients. - Fucus products can biofortify edible plants in essential microelements. - Fucus extracts can enhance plant length and chlorophyll content.