Solution of the Onsager equation in doubly connected regions

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-536
Author(s):  
J.A Viecelli
Keyword(s):  
Onsager Equation

scholarly journals Determination of the dipole moments of some polar liquids dissolved in polar solvents

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3767-3771 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Rizk ◽  
N. Youssef ◽  
H. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Interacting Systems ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Onsager Equation

The application of a modified form of the Onsager equation at the condition of infinite dilution of a polar solute in a polar solvent leads to reasonable dipole moments for water, pyridine, acetone, tert-butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, and β-octyl alcohol, except in the case of water in tert-butyl alcohol at 30 and 40 °C and the case of acetone in n-butyl alcohol at 30 to 50 °C. The initial decrease of the dielectric constant of solvent by addition of solute in each of these two cases is associated with a reduction in the Kirkwood g-factor of solute. In all 12 systems investigated, strong hydrogen bonding occurs between solute and solvent molecules and often between solvent molecules themselves. It is thought that this equation must fail when short-range interactions assume predominant importance, but why it works so well for those cases which are also strongly interacting systems is not clear.

A theory of the dielectric polarization of polar substances

1956 ◽  
Vol 238 (1213) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Approximate Equation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Dielectric Polarization ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Classical Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Spherical Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Onsager Equation

With the aid of classical statistical mechanics, a general expression for the static dielectric constant is derived. It is found, as in earlier work, that the dielectric constant is dependent upon the mean-square dipole moment of a macroscopic spherical sample of the substance. This mean-square moment is expanded as a series in powers of the mean molecular polarizability, and the terms proportional to the zero and first powers are evaluated in detail and in such a way that the long- and the short-range effects are separated. The former are determined with the aid of macroscopic arguments, so that a purely molecular theory remains. In the limit when short-range directional forces are zero, the formula reduces to the well-known Onsager equation. It is found that it is not in general legitimate to replace the surroundings of a macroscopic sample by a continuum having the bulk properties of the substance, and for this reason the approximate equation of Harris & Alder is found to lead to doubtful conclusions. The general equations are applied to the experimental data for water and other liquids, and the results are not unsatisfactory.

scholarly journals The Extended Onsager Equation

1951 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 726-729
Author(s):  
E. G. Baker ◽  
C. A. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Onsager Equation

THE ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTANCES OF SODIUM CHLORATE AND OF LITHIUM CHLORATE IN WATER AND IN WATER–DIOXANE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
B. G. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Limiting Equivalent Conductances ◽  
Onsager Equation

The conductances, densities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of sodium chlorate were determined over the complete range of concentration at 25 °C and at 35 °C. An attempt was made to reproduce the results at 25 °C with the viscosity-corrected Falkenhagen–Leist and Wishaw–Stokes equations. The limiting equivalent conductances of sodium chlorate at 25 °C and 35 °C in water were also determined.The conductances, densities, and viscosities of sodium chlorate at 25 °C and 35 °C were determined in a solvent consisting of 64.5% dioxane, 35.5% water. The limiting equivalent conductances of sodium chlorate at 25 °C and 35 °C and of lithium chlorate at 25 °C in this solvent were determined by analyzing the data with the Fuoss–Onsager equation for associated electrolytes.Finally, conductances of sodium chlorate and lithium chlorate at 25 °C were determined in a solvent consisting of 90% dioxane, 10% water.

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