Combat stress reactions, post traumatic stress disorder and somatic complaints among Israeli soldiers

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahava Solomon ◽  
Mario Mikulincer
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Israeli Soldiers

scholarly journals Experiences with traumatic events, consequences and care among people with visual impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative study from The Netherlands

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041469
Author(s):  
Alida J van der Ham ◽  
Hilde P A van der Aa ◽  
Peter Verstraten ◽  
Ger H M B van Rens ◽  
Ruth M A van Nispen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

ObjectiveHaving a visual impairment is known to be associated with an increased vulnerability to (potentially) traumatic events. Little is known about how people with visual impairment experience and process such events. This qualitative study aimed to provide more insight into experiences with traumatic events, consequences of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related care among people with visual impairment and PTSD.MethodsEighteen persons with visual impairment and (a history of) PTSD were interviewed. Among them were 14 women and 4 men aged between 23 and 66 years. Recruitment of participants was done through health professionals from two low-vision service centres and a patient association for people with eye diseases and visual impairment in The Netherlands. Interviews focused on experiences with (1) traumatic events, (2) consequences of traumatic events and (3) PTSD-related care. Thematic content analysis of interview data was performed using ATLAS.ti. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to check for completeness and transparency of the study. Data were collected between 2018 and 2020.ResultsThe most commonly reported traumatic events were sexual and physical abuse. Many participants experienced that their impairment had negatively affected their acceptance by others, independence and self-esteem, increasing their vulnerability for traumatic events. Additionally, having a visual impairment negatively impacted participants’ ability to respond to situations and aggravated post-traumatic stress reactions. Existing treatments seem suitable for people with visual impairment when accommodated to the impairment.ConclusionsHaving a visual impairment may affect traumatic events and post-traumatic stress reactions, particularly by contributing to low self-esteem, problems in social interactions and a lack of visual information. Insights from this study provide starting points for adapting pretraumatic and post-traumatic care to the needs of people with visual impairment.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder in people with learning disability

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Post Traumatic

It is well recognised that traumatic events can cause psychological disorders in those who experience them. The most common disorders suffered are depression and substance misuse; others include acute stress reactions, anxiety states and personality changes. One disorder following trauma that has received considerable attention over the past 20 years is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD occurs in 20–30% of people exposed to traumatic events and the prevalence in the general population is 1% (Helzer et al, 1987), with life-time prevalence of 9.2%.

Varieties of Combat Stress Reaction

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garb ◽  
I. Kutz ◽  
A. Bleich ◽  
Z. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic

The use of an immunological metaphor allows the incorporation of established theoretical ideas about trauma and stress in an integrative way which enables delineation and illustration of several varieties of combat stress reaction, including subtle forms of that condition which do not often appear in post-traumatic stress disorder literature.

The treatment of “shell shock” in World War 1: Early attitudes and treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder and combat stress reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S636-S636
Author(s):  
H. Matson
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Shell Shock ◽  
Combat Stress Reaction ◽  
Post Traumatic

Combat stress reaction is a mental health disorder first documented in the latter half of the 19th century. But it was not until World War 1 when men were put through the horrific ordeals of trench warfare that the term, “shell shocked” was coined. Many soldiers with shell shock then developed what is now called post-traumatic stress disorder (though the term was not defined until 1983) or acute stress disorder. The prevailing opinion was that these men who had often not suffered from any physical trauma were sufferers of cowardice. The British army created the PIE (proximity, immediacy, and expectancy) principles to get such men back to the trenches promptly where manpower was always needed. It was rarely regarded as a real psychiatric condition, which had two consequences. Firstly, that many soldiers progressed from shell shock to post-traumatic stress disorder and secondly, over 150 soldiers were executed by the British army for, “displaying cowardice” whilst in the grip of the illness. The diagnosis of “shell shock” was to be made increasingly frequently as wars became larger and more mechanized throughout the 20th century. Psychiatrists’ management of such patients initially was primitive and influenced by the zeitgeist that such servicemen were not ill, having never come across such a widespread prevalence of mental health problems until the Great War. These ranged from prescriptions of milk to lobotomies. Understanding how “shell shock” was understood, treated and learning from the mistakes made then, continues to inform management of our patients today.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9210
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Trond Heir ◽  
Inger Schou-Bredal ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Post Traumatic

The COVID-19 outbreak and the sudden lockdown of society in March 2020 had a large impact on people’s daily life and gave rise to concerns for the mental health in the general population. The aim of the study was to examine post-traumatic stress reactions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and factors associated with post-traumatic stress in the Norwegian population during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was administered via social media channels, to which a sample of 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Symptom-defined PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5. The items were specifically linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Associations with PTSD were examined with single and multiple logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 12.5% for men and 19.5% for women. PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, lack of social support, and a range of pandemic-related variables such as economic concerns, expecting economic loss, having been in quarantine or isolation, being at high risk for complications from COVID-19 infection, and having concern for family and close friends. In conclusion, post-traumatic stress reactions appear to be common in the Norwegian population in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Concerns about finances, health, and family and friends seem to matter.

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