Representasi Sosial Masyarakat Palestina dalam Film Inch'Allah: Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce

The film Inch’Allah depicts the life of the Palestinian people due to the war with Israel. The scenes in this film are filled with codes that aim to attract sympathy and empathy from other countries. The problem in this research is the use of signs used by Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalette in describing the life of the Palestinian people and the actions of the Israeli soldiers depicted through these signs. This study aims to uncover the forms of signs and their relationship to objects contained in these signs. The method used is a qualitative method with an objective approach. The theory used is the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. In this study, the researcher found ten scenes describing Israeli soldiers' attitudes and actions between the two countries. The social representation depicted in the film is the poverty faced by the Palestinian people. All of their possessions had been lost along with the pieces of their house. There is no longer any freedom for the Palestinian people to do anything.

On prisoners, family life and collective punishment: The Namnam case

This article examines the 2019 decision by the Supreme Court of Israel (the Court) in the Namnam case, upholding a ban on family visits to Gaza prisoners incarcerated in Israel and affiliated with Hamas.1 This ban was adopted as part of Israel's attempt to pressure Hamas into an exchange of Palestinian detainees and prisoners against missing Israeli civilians and the bodies of Israeli soldiers, apparently being held by Hamas in Gaza. The Court examined the measure primarily in light of Israeli administrative law, and held that it had no grounds to intervene. It held that an analysis under international law would have yielded the same result. This article examines the decision of the Court in light of the applicable international law. It considers the Court's decision in terms of the permissible restrictions on the right to family life and draws on the Court's reasoning for an in-depth analysis of various unarticulated aspects of the prohibition on collective punishment. The article concludes that an international human rights law analysis might have led to a different outcome, and that had the Court applied the prohibition on collective punishment properly, it would have had to declare the measure unlawful. The article then places the decision in the broader context of the Court's engagement with international law in disputes relating to Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza.

The Flotilla Incident from the Perspective of International Law and the Judicial Rights of the Victims

The Mavi Marmara flotilla, which sailed for a humanitarian mission and aimed to break the Israeli blockade to Gaza, was intercepted by the Israeli soldiers on high sea on 31st May 2010. In this raid, nine civilians have lost their lives on the spot and 55 others were wounded. States and their agents can be held accountable if they commit crimes. Therefore, the Mavi Marmara victims have the right to sue at national and international level the Israeli officers who took part in the operation. Some victims have filed criminal and civil cases before the Turkish courts against Israel and its officers. Besides these judicial cases brought before the national courts, a referral was also made by the Union of the Comoros, flag country of the Mavi Marmara vessel, to the International Criminal Court. Meanwhile, Turkey and Israel have signed a bilateral agreement for the compensation of the bereaved families. This compensation agreement clears Israel and its officers off all legal responsibilities arising from the flotilla incident before the Turkish courts. This bilateral agreement is a legal obstruction imposed to the victims in their quest of justice. The Turkish Court of Cassation, in its recent decisions, has requested the courts of first instance to take into consideration the provisions of the said agreement. Despite the above mentioned agreement, the victims shall have still the right to sue the Israeli officials responsible for the flotilla incident before national, foreign and international courts, on the grounds of crime against humanity, provided that the necessary requirements are fulfilled.

From Jewish Sentiments to Rational Exhortations

What exhortations were given to Israeli soldiers when sent to a possible sacrifice of their lives in war? This article introduces the genre of ‘battle missives’ written by Israel Defense Force (IDF) commanders as a prism to investigate this question. Battle missives are short texts sent to soldiers on the eve of battle to mobilize them to fight and to justify the risk to their lives. I employ narrative and hermeneutic methods to analyze an original database of 289 missives written between 1948 and 2014, which reveal the changing motivations and justifications preceding combat. My findings indicate a move from ‘Jewish sentimental’ exhortations that prevailed from 1948 until 1973 toward ‘rational’ exhortations between 1982 and 2014. This study locates battle missives as key to understanding the social norms and values relating to sacrifice in war, and the ways in which military commanders adjusted the language of sacrifice to reflect major transformations in both Israeli society and the IDF.

Finally, Militarism Is a Legitimate Term

David Greenblum, From the Heroism of the Spirit to the Sanctification of Power: Power and Heroism in Religious Zionism between 1948 and 1968 (Tel Aviv: Open University, 2016). Uri S. Cohen, The Security Style and the Hebrew Culture of War (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2017). Dan Arev, Dying to Watch: War, Memory, and Television in Israel 1967–1991 (Tel Aviv: Resling, 2017). Dalia Gavriely-Nuri, Tel Aviv Was Also Once an Arab Village: The Normalization of the Territories in Israeli Discourse, 1967 (Cambridge, MA: Israel Academic Press, 2017). Nitza Ben-Dov, The Life of War: On the Military, Revenge, Loss, and War Consciousness in Israeli Prose (Jerusalem: Schocken Books, 2016). Haya Milo, Songs Through the Barrel of the Gun: Israeli Soldiers’ Folk Songs (Tel Aviv: Open University, 2017).

Military (Non-)Policing in the Occupied Territories

Since 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have been engaged in various military missions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including occasional high-intensity fighting and counter-insurgency, as well as civilian duties, such as administration and policing. While existing literature emphasizes the organizational and professional burden this combination of duties places on the military, the actual forces that shape soldiers’ policing practices in the field remain largely unexamined. The present article offers a micro-sociological examination of the patterns of military policing implemented by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. It explores the social and political forces that shape soldiers’ ‘logics of action’ and demonstrates the reciprocal relations between the IDF’s disparate modes of policing of Jewish settlers and Palestinians. Three clusters of factors shape these interrelations: the relationships between soldiers and settlers, the blurring between ‘security’ and ‘civilian’ missions, and situational variables. The research for this article was conducted between 2004 and 2018.

The Analysis of Human Rights Violations Through Illegal Land Grabbing in Jerusalem By The Zionis State in Palestine

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict arose in the late 1800s, when Jewish’s immigration to the Palestinian part of the Ottoman Empire began to escalate. Formed as a Jewish state, Israel was attacked by soldiers from countries around Arabia and its acceptance in the region lasted for decades. For Arab Palestinians, the formation of Israel is a disaster: 80% of Palestinians chose to flee or be expelled by Israel. Eventually, many of them decided to evacuate in areas which were far from the territory of the Israel’s land grabbing. This research uses a qualitative method of narrative study approach. Qualitative research is a centralized activity that places researchers in the world. Qualitative research consists of a series of material interpretation practices that make the world visible. This means that quality researchers study objects in their natural environment, trying to interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings given by society to them (Denzin & Lincoln). Data collection from literature studies means looking for data from books and journals that have been studied previously. The results showed that many human rights violations committed by the Israeli soldiers to Palestinians. Apart from seizing residents’ land, many of them killed, locked up and raping Palestinian women. A lot of losses was caused, houses and facilities that have been damaged were destroyed over again by the Israeli soldiers.