A model for soil surface roughness influence on the spectral response of bare soils in the visible and near-infrared range

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Cierniewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
Bare Soils ◽  
Near Infrared Range

scholarly journals Effect of tillage, slope, and rainfall on soil surface microtopography quantified by geostatistical and fractal indices during sheet erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Na Ta ◽  
Chutian Zhang ◽  
Hongru Ding ◽  
Qingfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Surface Microtopography ◽  
Artificial Rainfall ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sheet Erosion

AbstractTillage and slope will influence soil surface roughness that changes during rainfall events. This study tests this effect under controlled conditions quantified by geostatistical and fractal indices. When four commonly adopted tillage practices, namely, artificial backhoe (AB), artificial digging (AD), contour tillage (CT), and linear slope (CK), were prepared on soil surfaces at 2 × 1 × 0.5 m soil pans at 5°, 10°, or 20° slope gradients, artificial rainfall with an intensity of 60 or 90 mm h−1 was applied to it. Measurements of the difference in elevation points of the surface profiles were taken before rainfall and after rainfall events for sheet erosion. Tillage practices had a relationship with fractal indices that the surface treated with CT exhibited the biggest fractal dimension D value, followed by the surfaces AD, AB, and CK. Surfaces under a stronger rainfall tended to have a greater D value. Tillage treatments affected anisotropy differently and the surface CT had the strongest effect on anisotropy, followed by the surfaces AD, AB, and CK. A steeper surface would have less effect on anisotropy. Since the surface CT had the strongest effect on spatial variability or the weakest spatial autocorrelation, it had the smallest effect on runoff and sediment yield. Therefore, tillage CT could make a better tillage practice of conserving water and soil. Simultaneously, changes in semivariogram and fractal parameters for surface roughness were examined and evaluated. Fractal parameter – crossover length l – is more sensitive than fractal dimension D to rainfall action to describe vertical differences in soil surface roughness evolution.

scholarly journals Estimation of Soil Surface Roughness Using Stereo Vision Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4386
Author(s):  
Afshin Azizi ◽  
Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh ◽  
Tarahom Mesri-Gundoshmian ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
Hassan Afzaal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Depth Map ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Height Profile ◽  
Peak Fitting ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
Tillage Operations

Soil roughness is one of the most challenging issues in the agricultural domain and plays a crucial role in soil quality. The objective of this research was to develop a computerized method based on stereo vision technique to estimate the roughness formed on the agricultural soils. Additionally, soil till quality was investigated by analyzing the height of plow layers. An image dataset was provided in the real conditions of the field. For determining the soil surface roughness, the elevation of clods obtained from tillage operations was computed using a depth map. This map was obtained by extracting and matching corresponding keypoints as super pixels of images. Regression equations and coefficients of determination between the measured and estimated values indicate that the proposed method has a strong potential for the estimation of soil shallow roughness as an important physical parameter in tillage operations. In addition, peak fitting of tilled layers was applied to the height profile to evaluate the till quality. The results of this suggest that the peak fitting is an effective method of judging tillage quality in the fields.

Coupling of Er light emissions to plasmon modes on In2O3: Sn nanoparticle sheets in the near-infrared range

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 041903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Matsui ◽  
Wasanthamala Badalawa ◽  
Takayuki Hasebe ◽  
Shinya Furuta ◽  
Wataru Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Near Infrared Range ◽  
Sn Nanoparticle ◽  
Plasmon Modes

scholarly journals Fabrication of Dy2O3 Transparent Ceramics by Vacuum Sintering Using Precipitated Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Dianjun Hu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Ziyu Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Feng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Transparent Ceramics ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonate ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Liquid Precipitation ◽  
Near Infrared Range

As a kind of promising material for a Faraday isolator used in the visible and near infrared range, Dy2O3 transparent ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering from the nano-powders synthesized by the liquid precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate as precipitant with no sintering aids. The synthesized precursor was calcinated at 950 °C–1150 °C for 4 h in air. The influences of the calcination temperature on the morphologies and phase composition of Dy2O3 powders were characterized. It is found that the Dy2O3 powder calcinated at 1000 °C for 4 h is superior for the fabrication of Dy2O3 ceramics. The Dy2O3 transparent ceramic sample prepared by vacuum sintering at 1850 °C for 10 h, and subsequently with air annealing at 1400 °C for 10 h, from the 1000 °C-calcined Dy2O3 powders, presents the best optical quality. The values of in-line transmittance of the optimal ceramic specimen with the thickness of 1.0 mm are 75.3% at 2000 nm and 67.9% at 633 nm. The Verdet constant of Dy2O3 ceramics was measured to be −325.3 ± 1.9 rad/(T·m) at 633 nm, about 2.4 times larger than that of TGG (Tb3Ga5O12) single crystals.

scholarly journals Joint Measurements of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and light-absorptive PM in woodsmoke-dominated ambient and plume environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Max Zhang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Geng Chen ◽  
Jiajun Gu ◽  
James Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Saranac Lake ◽  
Near Infrared Range ◽  
Strong Linear Relationship

Abstract. DC, also referred to as Delta-C, measures enhanced light absorption of particulate matter (PM) samples at the near-ultraviolet (UV) range relative to the near-infrared range, which has been proposed previously as a woodsmoke marker due to the presence of enhanced UV light absorbing materials from wood combustion. In this paper, we further evaluated the applications and limitations of using DC as both a qualitative and semi-quantitative woodsmoke marker via joint continuous measurements of PM2.5 (by nephelometer pDR-1500) and light-absorptive PM (by 2-wavelength and 7-wavelength Aethalometer®) in three Northeastern U.S. cities/towns including Rutland, VT, Saranac Lake, NY and Ithaca, NY. We compared the pDR-1500 against a FEM PM2.5 sampler (BAM 1020), and identified a close agreement between the two instruments in a woodsmoke-dominated ambient environment. The analysis of seasonal and diurnal trends of DC, BC (880 nm) and PM2.5 concentrations supports the use of DC as an adequate qualitative marker. The strong linear relationships between PM2.5 and DC in both woodsmoke-dominated ambient and plume environments suggest that DC can reasonably serve as a semi-quantitative woodsmoke marker. We proposed a DC-based indicator for woodsmoke emission, which was then shown to exhibit relatively strong linear relationship with heating demand. While we observed reproducible PM2.5-DC relationships in similar woodsmoke-dominated ambient environments, those relationships differ significantly with different environments, and among individual woodsmoke sources. DC correlated much more closely with PM2.5 than EcoChem PAS2000-reported PAH in woodsmoke-dominated ambient environments. Our analysis also indicates the potential for PM2.5-DC relationships to be utilized to distinguish different combustion and operating conditions of woodsmoke sources, and that DC-Heating demand relationships could be adopted to estimate woodsmoke emissions. However, future studies are needed to elucidate those relationships.

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