Extraction Et Caractérisation Physico-Chimique D’un Sel Végétal À Partir De La Cendre Du Palmier À Huile Du Nord Du Togo

Ce présent travail a porté sur l’extraction et la caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sel végétal fabriqué à base du palmier à huile. L’incinération des branches de palmier à huile donne une cendre qui, par lavage et évaporation donne du sel de palme. L’analyse de la solution obtenue après lavage de cette cendre à l’eau distillée par photométrie à flamme, spectrométrie à absorption atomique et par volumétrie révèle la présence de sodium (84,500 mg/L), potassium (1120 mg/L), calcium (44 mg/L) et magnésium (0,022 mg/L). Ce résultat indique que cette solution est très riche en potassium qu’en sodium et calcium ; le magnésium est présent sous forme de trace. En outre, l’analyse de la cendre obtenue à base de la rafle a révélé que les teneurs en potassium (3331,410 mg/L) et en sodium (497 mg/L) de la rafle sont plus élevées que celles de la branche du palmier à huile. Cependant, le dosage des anions dans une solution obtenue par dissolution de 10 grammes de sel de palme dans un litre d’eau distillée révèle la présence de chlorures (3153,460 mg/L), des hydroxydes (0,289 mg/L), des carbonates (0,180 mg/L) et des hydrogénocarbonates (12,017mg/L). Les concentrations de ces anions indiquent que cette solution est très riche en chlorure qu’aux autres anions trouvés. Par conséquent, le sel de palme est un mélange de sels riche en chlorure de potassium. La quantité de sel végétal obtenue à la préparation contrôlée rapportée à la biomasse végétale est de l’ordre de 1,24% donc assez faible. This paper focuses on the extraction and physic-chemical characterization of plant salt produced from oil palm. The incineration of the oil palm frond gives ash which, by washing and evaporation, gives plant salt. The analysis of the solution obtained after washing the ash by flame photometer, atomic absorption spectrometer and by volumetric reveals the presence of sodium (84.500 mg / L), potassium (1120 mg / L), calcium mg / L) and magnesium (0.022 mg / L). These results show that this solution is very rich in potassium more than sodium and calcium; the magnesium is revealed only in trace. In addition, the analysis on the Empty Fruit Bunche’s ash reveals that it contains more potassium (3331.410 mg/L) and sodium (497 mg/L) than the frond. However, the dosage of a solution obtained by dissolving 10 grams of palm salt in one liter of water also reveals the presence of chloride (3153.460 mg / L), hydroxides (0.289 mg / L), carbonate (0.180 mg / L) and hydrogen carbonate (12.017 mg / L). The concentration of these anions shows that this solution is richer in chloride than the other anions found. Therefore, palm salt is a mixture of salt rich in potassium chloride. The output of the preparation controlled is lower (1.24%) in comparison with the vegetable biomass.

Therapeutic Role of Element Anhydrase Inhibitors in Treatment of Glaucoma: A Review

Eye disease may be a cluster of inveterately progressive disorders of the nervus opticus. during this article, I gift the medicine, Pathophysiology, risk factors, ophthalmic examination, and therapeutic role of carbonaceous anhydrase inhibitors in treating eye disease. In European countries, the prevalence of eye disease is a pair of.93% among persons aged 40-80 years, reaching ten you tired of persons over ninety years old-time. There is a unit many differing types of eye disease, and that they are classically divided into classes of open-angle and closed-angle eye disease. Use of topical selective or nonselective beta-blockers is used in the treatment of eye diseases. Second-line drugs of alternative embody alpha – agonists and topical carbonaceous anhydrase inhibitors. Parasympathomimetics drugs, most ordinarily alkaloid, area unit thought-about third-line treatment. For patients, the United Nations agency doesn't reply to antiglaucoma remedy, optical laser incisional and trabeculoplasty surgery area unit more ways that may be accustomed lower the pressure. The inhibitors area unit used medication in the treatment of symptom coronary failure, brain disease, and hypoxia conjointly. A Corollary of Friedenwald's construct of hydrogen carbonate secretion within the formation of liquid body substance is that inhibition of the protein carbonaceous anhydrase could be expected to decrease the speed of secretion and lower IOP. The carbonaceous anhydrase matter, Diamox (acetazolamide) is employed in the treatment of eye disease. Preliminary trials of Diamox in rabbits created a definite lowering of pressure to once ten to one hundred mg. carbonaceous anhydrase inhibitors diminish ocular high blood pressure in glaucomatous patients by reducing the hydrogen carbonate formation.

Production of non-ferrous metal concentrate in the processing of pyrite slags

The method of preliminary chemical activation of mineral raw materials was used in the conducted studies for the complex processing of pyritic slags. The influence of preliminary chemical activation of kaolinite clays of Alexeevsky deposit in the solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate on the separation of kaolinite and quartz fractions was studied. The temperature of 150 oC, the duration of 120 minutes, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate solution of 120 g/dm3 should be considered the optimum mode of activation. As a result of activation, the phase composition of the kaolinite fraction changed: the percentage of kaolinite fraction decreased; new phases of muscovite and sodium aluminosilicate appeared; the amount of quartz increased.

Mineralizarea și raportul între ionii principali în apele râului Prut

The paper includes the results of mineralization research and the ratio of hydrogen carbonate and carbonate ions – HCO3 - + CO3 -, sulphates – SO4 -, chlorides – Cl-, calcium – Ca2+, magnesium – Mg2+, sodium – Na+ and potassium – K+, in the waters of the Prut River downstream of Costesti-Stinca reservoir (Braniste, Sculeni, Leuseni, Cahul, Cislita Prut, Giurgiulești) in 2020.

Inorganic Salts of N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)—Novel Family with Promising Representatives for Nonlinear Optics

Seven inorganic salts containing N-phenylbiguanide as a prospective organic molecular carrier of nonlinear optical properties were prepared and studied within our research of novel hydrogen-bonded materials for nonlinear optics (NLO). All seven salts, namely N-phenylbiguanidium(1+) nitrate (C2/c), N-phenylbiguanidium(1+) perchlorate (P-1), N-phenylbiguanidium(1+) hydrogen carbonate (P21/c), bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) sulfate (C2), bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) hydrogen phosphate sesquihydrate (P-1), bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) phosphite (P21), and bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) phosphite dihydrate (P21/n), were characterised by X-ray diffraction (powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction) and by vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman). Two salts with non-centrosymmetric crystal structures—bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) sulfate and bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) phosphite—were further studied to examine their linear and nonlinear optical properties using experimental and computational methods. As a highly SHG-efficient and phase-matchable material transparent down to 320 nm and thermally stable to 483 K, bis(N-phenylbiguanidium(1+)) sulfate is a promising novel candidate for NLO.

BLOOD BUFFER SYSTEMS (LECTURE)

This lecture is devoted to theoretical foundations of blood buffer systems functioning. Biochemical aspects and physiological activity of phosphate, hydrogen carbonate buffer and its combined activity with hemoglobin buffer, which ensures stability of blood pH, are presented. Chemical reactions to achieve the required blood pH are investigated. The combination of buffer properties, one of the components of which is CO2gas and autonomous self-regulation by intracellular hemoglobin ensures the blood plasma pH constancy. Stabilizing systems are considered -the respiratory apparatus and kidneys, which create the possibility of maintaining the stability of extracellular fluid pH. Respiratory acidosis, alkalosis, metabolic acidosis are considered on the biochemical level. This article presents information about hemoglobin structure: heme structure and globin subunits in different typesof hemoglobin. The following mechanismswhich provide maximumoxygen saturation of lungs and maximum oxygen emission in the tissues: heme-hemic interaction, Bohr effect and influence of 2,3-diphospho-glycerate connected with haemoglobin, are considered. The proteinbuffer system has been characterized in the in general. The capacity of the phosphate buffer system has been shown to be close to 1-2% of the whole buffer capacity of the blood and up to 50% of the buffer capacity of urine. The organic phosphates also exhibit buffering activity in the cell. Human and animal organisms can have intracellular pH from 4.5 to 8.5 depending on the type of cells, but the blood pH should be 7.4. This parameter is ensured by the hydrogen carbonate buffer system. Moreover,the blood pH depends not on the absolute concentrations of buffer components but on their ratio. The most powerful is hemoglobin buffer system that accounts for 75% of the whole blood buffer system. For stabilization of buffer capacity, the body uses two other stabilizing systems -the respiratory apparatus and kidneys. At the same time, the compensatory role of the respiratory system has shortcomings. Hyperventilation of lungs causes respiratory alkalosis. Hypoventilation has a counteracting effect by lowering the pH of the blood. Thus, the blood buffer system is ensured by a complex system that allows the organisms to adapt to changes in the fluid medium and regulate the pH under pathological conditions.Key words:homeostasis, hemoglobin, blood, acid-liquid equilibrium. У лекції розглядаються теоретичні основи механізмів дії буферних систем крові. Наводяться біохімічні аспекти та фізіологічна дія фосфатного, гідрогенкарбонатного буфера та його спільна дія з гемоглобіновим буфером, що забезпечує стабільність рН крові. Розглядаються хімічні реакції досягнення необхідного рівня рН крові. Поєднання властивостей буфера, одним з компонентів якого є газ СО2, та автономним саморегулюванням за рахунок внутрішньоклітинного гемоглобіну, забезпечує постійність рН плазми крові. Розглядаються стабілізуючі системи –дихальний апарат та нирки, які створюють можливості підтримання постійності рН позаклітинної рідини. На біохімічному рівні розглядаються дихальні ацидоз, алкалоз, метаболічний ацидоз. У статті представлені відомості про будову гемоглобіну: будову гему та субодиниць глобіну у різних видах гемоглобінів. Розглядаються механізми, що забезпечують максимальне насичення киснем легенів та максимальну віддачу кисню в тканинах: гем-гемова взаємодія, ефект Бора та вплив 2,3-дифосфо-гліцерату, зв’язаного з гемоглобіном. В загальних рисах охарактеризована білкова буферна система. Показано, що ємність фосфатної буферної системи становить близько 1-2% від всієї буферної ємності крові та до 50% буферної ємності сечі. При цьому органічні фосфати також виявляють буферну дію в клітині. В організмі людини і тварин значення внутрішньоклітинного рН може бути від 4,5 до 8,5 взалежності від типу клітин, проте рН крові має становити 7,4. Цей показник забезпечується гідрогенкарбонатною буферною системою. Причому, рН крові залежить не від абсолютних концентрацій компонентів буфера, а від їхнього співвідношення. Найбільш потужною є гемоглобінова буферна система, яка становить 75% від всієї буферної системи крові. Для стабілізації буферної ємності організм використовує ще дві стабілізуючі системи –дихальний апарат та нирки. Разом з тим, компенсаторна роль дихальної системи має недоліки. Гіпервентиляція легень спричиняє дихальний алкалоз. Гіповентиляція виявляє протилежну дію, знижуючи рН крові. Таким чином, буферна система крові забезпечується складною системою, що дозволяє організмові адаптуватися до змін оточуючого середовища та регулювати рН за патологічних умов.Ключові слова:гомеостаз, гемоглобін, кров, кислотно-лужна рівновага.

Response of Culex pipiens pallens to Visual and Olfactory Stimuli from a Mosquito Trap

ABSTRACT This study examined Culex pipiens pallens responses to different combinations of colors and chemicals employed via a mosquito trap under semifield conditions. Our results indicated that Cx. p. pallens has color and chemical concentration preferences. Culex p. pallens had a 38.0% greater response to white than black color treated traps. Further, Cx. p. pallens showed differences in olfactory attraction depending on the chemical and concentration. Culex p. pallens was 107.6% more attracted to traps employing 500 ppm ammonia than control (i.e., unscented). Similarly, Cx. p. pallens was 117.5%, 128.8%, and 140.3% more attracted to traps employing, respectively, 1,000, 10,000, and 20,000 ppm of ammonia hydrogen carbonate compared to controls. And the response to lactic acid showed that Cx. p. pallens was most attracted to concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm (135.7% and 142.9%, respectively) compared to controls.