Sequence of ultrastructural changes induced by activation in the posterior neurosecretory cells in the brain of Rhodnius prolixus with special reference to the role of lysosomes

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald P. Morris ◽  
C.G.H. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
The Brain

Ovulation in Rhodnius prolixus Stal is induced by an extract of neurosecretory cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Kriger ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Median Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
The Brain

The injection of an extract of 10 identified median neurosecretory cells from the pars intercerebralis into gravid mated females previously deprived of these cells by surgery induces ovulation and oviposition during the ensuring 24 h. Injection of an extract of ocellar nerves has no effect. These observations support the hypothesis that ovulation and oviposition are controlled by a myotropin released from neurosecretory cells in the brain.

scholarly journals The distribution of a CRF-like diuretic peptide in the blood-feeding bug Rhodnius prolixus

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (15) ◽  
pp. 2017-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Te Brugge ◽  
S.M. Miksys ◽  
G.M. Coast ◽  
D.A. Schooley ◽  
I. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Neurohaemal Areas ◽  
The Brain

The blood-feeding bug Rhodnius prolixus ingests a large blood meal, and this is followed by a rapid diuresis to eliminate excess water and salt. Previous studies have demonstrated that serotonin and an unidentified peptide act as diuretic factors. In other insects, members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide family have been shown to play a role in post-feeding diuresis. Using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and immunogold labelling with antibodies to the Locusta CRF-like diuretic hormone (Locusta-DH) and serotonin, we have mapped the distribution of neurones displaying these phenotypes in R. prolixus. Strong Locusta-DH-like immunoreactivity was found in numerous neurones of the central nervous system (CNS) and, in particular, in medial neurosecretory cells of the brain and in posterior lateral neurosecretory cells of the mesothoracic ganglionic mass (MTGM). Positively stained neurohaemal areas were found associated with the corpus cardiacum (CC) and on abdominal nerves 1 and 2. In addition, Locusta-DH-like immunoreactive nerve processes were found over the posterior midgut and hindgut. Double-labelling studies for Locusta-DH-like and serotonin-like immunoreactivity demonstrated some co-localisation in the CNS; however, no co-localisation was found in the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain, the posterior lateral neurosecretory cells of the MTGM or neurohaemal areas. To confirm the presence of a diuretic factor in the CC and abdominal nerves, extracts were tested in Malpighian tubule secretion assays and cyclic AMP assays. Extracts of the CC and abdominal nerves caused an increase in the rate of secretion and an increase in the level of cyclic AMP in the Malpighian tubules of fifth-instar R. prolixus. The presence of the peptide in neurohaemal terminals of the CC and abdominal nerves that are distinct from serotonin-containing terminals indicates that the peptide is capable of being released into the haemolymph and that this release can be independent of the release of serotonin.

scholarly journals The feeding stimulus in Rhodnius prolixus is transmitted to the brain by a humoral factor

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
H Mulye ◽  
K Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Spike Frequency ◽  
Dorsal Vessel ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Action Potential Frequency ◽  
Neuroendocrine Axis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Frequency

Neurosecretory cells in the brain of Rhodnius prolixus are known to be the source of an ovulation hormone released at feeding. They were selected to test the hypothesis that feeding brings about the release of another hormone in the abdomen which is transported forward to activate the neuroendocrine axis in the brain, and that severing the aorta interferes with this transport. These cells have previously been shown to exhibit an increase in action potential frequency at the time of release of their hormone. In normal females, the spike frequency of the cells increased after feeding and remained high over at least the next 24 h. In females with the dorsal vessel severed, the spike frequency remained low, at levels near those of unfed females, except for a transitory increase 4 h after feeding. The spike frequency of the neurosecretory cells in females with the dorsal vessel severed increased when hemolymph from fed normal females or from those with their dorsal vessel severed was placed directly on the brains of the test females. Hemolymph taken from unfed females did not produce this response. The activity in the hemolymph was heat-stable and disappeared after pronase or trypsin digestion. Similar activity was present in the fused thoracico-abdominal ganglionic mass, but absent from fore-, mid- and hindgut and from the abdominal neurosecretory organs.

The role of neurosecretion in the photoperiodic control of polymorphism in the aphid Megoura viciae

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
C. G. Steel ◽  
A. D. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Group I ◽  
Megoura Viciae ◽  
Probable Site ◽  
I Cells ◽  
The Brain

The location of the photoperiodic mechanism controlling the production of the sexual and parthenogenetic morphs by apterous parents was examined by selectively injuring the brain with an R.F. microcautery. Lesions destroying the Group I neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the protocerebrum abolished the response to changed daylength. Extensive damage to other NSC Groups, to the compound eyes and optic lobes was without effect. It is concluded that the Group I NSC are the effectors, secreting a virginoparapromoting substance; in its absence only oviparae are produced. Areas slightly lateral to the group I NSC are also required for the long-day response, indicating that this is the probable site of the neuronal photoperiodic clock which regulates the release of neurosecretory material (NSM) from the Group I cells.

scholarly journals Leucokinin and Associated Neuropeptides Regulate Multiple Aspects of Physiology and Behavior in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick R. Nässel
Keyword(s):  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Drosophila Larvae ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a family of neuropeptides identified in numerous insects and many other invertebrates. The LKs act on G-protein coupled receptors that display only distant relations to other known receptors. In adult Drosophila, 26 neurons/neurosecretory cells of three main types express LK. The four brain interneurons are of two types, and these are implicated in several important functions in the fly’s behavior and physiology, including feeding, sleep-metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. The 22 neurosecretory cells (ABLKs) of the abdominal neuromeres coexpress LK and a diuretic hormone (DH44), and together these regulate water and ion homeostasis and associated stress, as well as food intake. In Drosophila larvae, LK neurons modulate locomotion, escape responses, and aspects of ecdysis behavior. A set of lateral neurosecretory cells, ALKs, in the brain express LK in larvae, but inconsistently so in adults. These ALKs coexpress three other neuropeptides and regulate water and ion homeostasis, feeding and drinking, but the specific role of LK is not yet known. This review summarizes Drosophila data on embryonic lineages of LK neurons, functional roles of individual LK neuron types, interactions with other peptidergic systems, and orchestrating functions of LK.

Identified neurosecretory cells in the brain of female Rhodnius prolixus contain a myotropic peptide

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1720-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Kriger ◽  
K. G. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Myotropic Activity ◽  
The Brain

Extracts of 10 identified neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis exhibit myotropic activity when added to the medium bathing an isolated ovary of Rhodnius. The myotropic activity of the preparation, expressed as the power in joules per second, increases linearly over a 100-fold range of concentrations but is not further affected by higher concentrations. The activity in the extracts is stable after heating to 90 °C for 5 min, and is reduced by incubation with trypsin. Comparison with the effects of proctolin demonstrates that the neurosecretory myotropin is not proctolin.

scholarly journals Leucokinin and Associated Neuropeptides Regulate Multiple Aspects of Physiology and Behavior in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Dick R. Nässel
Keyword(s):  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Drosophila Larvae ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a family of neuropeptides identified in numerous insects and many other invertebrates. LKs act on G-protein-coupled receptors that display only distant relations to other known receptors. In adult Drosophila, 26 neurons/neurosecretory cells of three main types express LK. The four brain interneurons are of two types, and these are implicated in several important functions in the fly’s behavior and physiology, including feeding, sleep–metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. The 22 neurosecretory cells (abdominal LK neurons, ABLKs) of the abdominal neuromeres co-express LK and a diuretic hormone (DH44), and together, these regulate water and ion homeostasis and associated stress as well as food intake. In Drosophila larvae, LK neurons modulate locomotion, escape responses and aspects of ecdysis behavior. A set of lateral neurosecretory cells, ALKs (anterior LK neurons), in the brain express LK in larvae, but inconsistently so in adults. These ALKs co-express three other neuropeptides and regulate water and ion homeostasis, feeding, and drinking, but the specific role of LK is not yet known. This review summarizes Drosophila data on embryonic lineages of LK neurons, functional roles of individual LK neuron types, interactions with other peptidergic systems, and orchestrating functions of LK.

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