Venomous animal injuries

Toxicon ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
J.A.E.
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Roberts ◽  
Emily Johnson ◽  
Scott Zeng ◽  
Erin Hamilton ◽  
Amir Abdoli ◽  
...  

Abstract Venomous snakebite is an important cause of preventable death. The World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal to halve snakebite mortality by 2030. We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. In 2019, 63,400 people (95% uncertainty interval 38,900–78,600) died globally from snakebites, which was equal to an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 0.8 deaths (0.5–1.0) per 100,000 and represents a 36% (2–49) decrease in ASMR since 1990. India had the greatest number of deaths in 2019, equal to an ASMR of 4.0 per 100,000 (2.3-5.0). We forecast mortality will continue to decline, but not sufficiently to meet the WHO’s goals. Improved data collection should be prioritized to help target interventions, improve burden estimation, and monitor progress.


1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Findlay E. Russell
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0009109
Author(s):  
André de Souza Leandro ◽  
Renata Defante Lopes ◽  
Caroline Amaral Martins ◽  
Açucena Veleh Rivas ◽  
Isaac da Silva ◽  
...  

Public health institutions with sectorized structure and low integration among field teams, old-fashioned practices such as paper-based storage system, and poorly qualified health agents have limited ability to conduct accurate surveillance and design effective timely interventions. Herein, we describe the steps taken by the Zoonosis Control Center of Foz do Iguaçu (CCZ-Foz) in the last 23 years to move from an archaic and sectorized structure to a modern and timely surveillance program embracing zoonotic diseases, venomous animal injuries, and vector-borne diseases epidemiology under the One Health approach. The full implementation of the One Health approach was based on 5 axes: (1) merging sectorized field teams; (2) adoption of digital solutions; (3) health agents empowerment and permanent capacitation; (4) social mobilization; and (5) active surveys. By doing so, notifications related to zoonotic diseases and venomous animals increased 10 and 21 times, respectively, with no impairment on arbovirus surveillance (major concern in the city). Open sources database (PostgreSQL) and software (QGis) are daily updated and create real-time maps to support timely decisions. The adoption of One Health approach increased preparedness for endemic diseases and reemerging and emerging threats such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


Author(s):  
David A. Warrell

This chapter provides the reader with essential information on venomous animals, and the risk they may pose in many humanitarian settings, especially in rural, remote, and tropical settings. Humanitarian providers will have the responsibility of preventing and treating venomous bites and stings both in the local community as well as among their team members, and this chapter provides the necessary information to help guide planning, decision-making, and management.


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