Demonstration of a non-temperature-sensitive growth-restricting mutation in a ts mutant of influenza a virus: Implications for live virus vaccine development

Virology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Brian R. Murphy ◽  
Robert M. Chanock
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Ts Mutant

scholarly journals Detection of Influenza A virus contamination in Newcastle Disease live virus vaccines and their pathological effects on visceral organs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3812-3816
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Avian Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

To investigate this perception that the NDV live virus vaccine could be the source of Avian Influenza A virus (H9) contamination. Sixteen samples of ND live virus vaccines were purchased from the local market. Prior to use in birds, the samples were tested for Avian Influenza A virus contamination through RT-PCR and used in live birds for any gross pathology and histopathology changes. All the samples were negative against Avian Influenza A virus. Furthermore, these vaccines were also used in broiler and desi chicks at day 5 and day 21 through eye drop and drinking water route respectively. Then, these birds were slaughtered at day 10, 20, 30 and 40 for any gross pathological and histo-pathological changes against Avian Influenza (H9). There were no macroscopic and microscopic lesions observed in visceral organs like trachea, lungs, liver and spleen for Avian Influenza. The results of the study using RT-PCR indicated that the ND live virus vaccine both (local and imported) was free of Avian Influenza A virus (H9). There was a perception among some technical persons that some Avian Influenza outbreaks in the field might be through the source of Newcastle Disease live virus vaccine. This theory regarding contamination of Avian Influenza A virus in Newcastle Disease live virus vaccines found to be wrong on the basis of this study and these commercial vaccines placed in the market are safe to use against Newcastle Disease and are not source of Avian Influenza outbreaks in the field.

scholarly journals Immunization with live virus vaccine protects highly susceptible DBA/2J mice from lethal influenza A H1N1 infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Dengler ◽  
Mathias May ◽  
Esther Wilk ◽  
Mahmoud M Bahgat ◽  
Klaus Schughart
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Infection ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The genes associated with trans-dominance of the influenza A cold-adapted live virus vaccine

Virology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Whitaker-Dowling ◽  
Rebecca Zvolenski ◽  
Julius S. Youngner
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine

scholarly journals Oral Fluids as a Live-Animal Sample Source for Evaluating Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection following Intranasal Influenza A Virus Vaccination in Pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly R. Hughes ◽  
Amy L. Vincent ◽  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Phillip C. Gauger ◽  
Lindomar Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Heterologous Protection

ABSTRACTIn North American swine, there are numerous antigenically distinct H1 influenza A virus (IAV) variants currently circulating, making vaccine development difficult due to the inability to formulate a vaccine that provides broad cross-protection. Experimentally, live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines demonstrate increased cross-protection compared to inactivated vaccines. However, there is no standardized assay to predict cross-protection following LAIV vaccination. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody in serum is the gold standard correlate of protection following IAV vaccination. LAIV vaccination does not induce a robust serum HI antibody titer; however, a local mucosal antibody response is elicited. Thus, a live-animal sample source that could be used to evaluate LAIV immunogenicity and cross-protection is needed. Here, we evaluated the use of oral fluids (OF) and nasal wash (NW) collected after IAV inoculation as a live-animal sample source in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to predict cross-protection in comparison to traditional serology. Both live-virus exposure and LAIV vaccination provided heterologous protection, though protection was greatest against more closely phylogenetically related viruses. IAV-specific IgA was detected in NW and OF samples and was cross-reactive to representative IAV from each H1 cluster. Endpoint titers of cross-reactive IgA in OF from pigs exposed to live virus was associated with heterologous protection. While LAIV vaccination provided significant protection, LAIV immunogenicity was reduced compared to live-virus exposure. These data suggest that OF from pigs inoculated with wild-type IAV, with surface genes that match the LAIV seed strain, could be used in an ELISA to assess cross-protection and the antigenic relatedness of circulating and emerging IAV in swine.

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