Further differences in receptive field properties of simple and complex cells in cat striate cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Murray Sherman ◽  
D.W. Watkins ◽  
J.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Receptive Field Properties ◽  
Simple And Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Receptive-field characteristics of neurons in cat striate cortex: Changes with visual field eccentricity

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Wilson ◽  
S. M. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Simple Cells ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

1. Receptive-field properties of 214 neurons from cat striate cortex were studied with particular emphasis on: a) classification, b) field size, c) orientation selectivity, d) direction selectivity, e) speed selectivity, and f) ocular dominance. We studied receptive fields located throughtout the visual field, including the monocular segment, to determine how receptivefield properties changed with eccentricity in the visual field.2. We classified 98 cells as "simple," 80 as "complex," 21 as "hypercomplex," and 15 in other categories. The proportion of complex cells relative to simple cells increased monotonically with receptive-field eccenticity.3. Direction selectivity and preferred orientation did not measurably change with eccentricity. Through most of the binocular segment, this was also true for ocular dominance; however, at the edge of the binocular segment, there were more fields dominated by the contralateral eye.4. Cells had larger receptive fields, less orientation selectivity, and higher preferred speeds with increasing eccentricity. However, these changes were considerably more pronounced for complex than for simple cells.5. These data suggest that simple and complex cells analyze different aspects of a visual stimulus, and we provide a hypothesis which suggests that simple cells analyze input typically from one (or a few) geniculate neurons, while complex cells receive input from a larger region of geniculate neurons. On average, this region is invariant with eccentricity and, due to a changing magnification factor, complex fields increase in size with eccentricity much more than do simple cells. For complex cells, computations of this geniculate region transformed to cortical space provide a cortical extent equal to the spread of pyramidal cell basal dendrites.

scholarly journals Ascending Projections of Simple and Complex Cells in Layer 6 of the Cat Striate Cortex

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 8086-8094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Hirsch ◽  
Christine A. Gallagher ◽  
José-Manuel Alonso ◽  
Luis M. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Simple And Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Position-specific adaptation in complex cell receptive fields of the cat striate cortex

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2209-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marlin ◽  
R. Douglas ◽  
M. Cynader
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

1. Responses of complex cells in cat striate cortex were studied with flashed light slit stimuli. The responses to slits flashed in different positions in the receptive field were assessed quantitatively before and after periods of prolonged stimulation of one small region of the receptive field. This type of prolonged stimulation resulted in reduced responsivity over a limited zone within the complex cell receptive field. 2. The adaptation-induced responsivity decrement was generally observed in both the ON and OFF response profiles but could also be restricted to one or the other. In general, the magnitude of the response decrements was greatest in the ON response profiles. The adaptation-induced response decrement did not necessarily spread throughout the receptive field but was restricted to a small region surrounding the adapted receptive field position (RFP). Adaptation spread equally widely across the ON and OFF response profiles despite the smaller adaptation effects in the OFF profile. 3. The adaptation effects from repeated stimulation at a single RFP did not spread symmetrically across the receptive field, and a given cell's preferred direction of motion indicated the direction of the asymmetric spread of the adaptation. RFPs that would be stimulated by a light slit originating at the point of adaptation and moving in the preferred direction (preferred side) showed greater adaptation-induced response decrements than did RFPs that would be stimulated by a light slit moving in the opposite direction from the point of adaptation (nonpreferred side). There was significant enhancement of responses at some RFPs on the non-preferred side of the point of adaptation. This asymmetric spread of adaptation could be caused by adaptation of inhibitory connections that contribute to complex cell direction selectivity. 4. The asymmetry of adaptation was significantly different for the ON and OFF response profiles. The asymmetric spread of adaptation for the ON response profile was similar to that observed previously in simple cells with greater decrements in the preferred direction side of the point of adaptation. However, the OFF response profiles showed less directional asymmetry in the spread of adaptation and showed greater decrements at RFPs in the nonpreferred direction side of the point of adaptation. 5. The similarity between the spread of adaptation in simple and complex cells suggests that the adaptation in these cells is occurring through a common mechanism. The directional asymmetry of the spread of adaptation is likely due to a local postsynaptic mechanism of adaptation rather than presynaptic transmitter depletion.

scholarly journals Replicating Receptive Fields of Simple and Complex Cells in Primary Visual Cortex in a Neuronal Network Model with Temporal and Population Sparseness and Reliability

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2700-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Tanaka ◽  
Toshio Aoyagi ◽  
Takeshi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Simple Cell ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Receptive Field Properties ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Simple And Complex Cells

We propose a new principle for replicating receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex. We derive a learning rule for a feedforward network, which maintains a low firing rate for the output neurons (resulting in temporal sparseness) and allows only a small subset of the neurons in the network to fire at any given time (resulting in population sparseness). Our learning rule also sets the firing rates of the output neurons at each time step to near-maximum or near-minimum levels, resulting in neuronal reliability. The learning rule is simple enough to be written in spatially and temporally local forms. After the learning stage is performed using input image patches of natural scenes, output neurons in the model network are found to exhibit simple-cell-like receptive field properties. When the output of these simple-cell-like neurons are input to another model layer using the same learning rule, the second-layer output neurons after learning become less sensitive to the phase of gratings than the simple-cell-like input neurons. In particular, some of the second-layer output neurons become completely phase invariant, owing to the convergence of the connections from first-layer neurons with similar orientation selectivity to second-layer neurons in the model network. We examine the parameter dependencies of the receptive field properties of the model neurons after learning and discuss their biological implications. We also show that the localized learning rule is consistent with experimental results concerning neuronal plasticity and can replicate the receptive fields of simple and complex cells.

Role of corpus callosum in functional organization of cat striate cortex

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Payne ◽  
H. E. Pearson ◽  
N. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vertical Strip ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

The short-term (3-51 days) and long-term (31-42 wk) effects of corpus callosum transection on the receptive-field properties of neurons were assessed at the single-cell, architectural, and topographical levels of organization in the cat striate cortex. Corpus callosum transection decreased the proportion of neurons that could be activated from both eyes. In short-term animals, the reduction in binocularity was restricted to the representation of a vertical strip of visual space extending from the vertical meridian to at least 12 degrees lateral. In the long-term animals, the reduction in binocularity was restricted to the representation of visual space 4 degrees lateral to the vertical meridian. Therefore, the reduction in the representation of 4-12 degrees was only temporary. In both groups, the reduction in binocularity was less in the representation of area centralis than at other retinal locations in the same vertical strip. The region of area 17 affected permanently by the transection receives fibers from the contralateral hemisphere in normal animals. The region affected temporarily by the transection contains callosal cells but does not contain callosal terminals. Binocularity was assessed separately for simple I, simple II, and complex receptive-field types. The reduction in binocularity in the 12 degrees strip in short-term animals and in the 4 degrees strip in long-term animals was accounted for mainly by a reduction in binocularity of simple I and complex cells. As in normal animals, complex cells in callosum-transected cats were always more binocular than the other cell types. An analysis of the effects of corpus callosum transection on different cortical layers showed that a greater proportion of cells in the supragranular layers II and III showed a reduction in binocularity than in the infragranular layers V and VI. The proportion of binocular neurons in layer IV was not significantly different from normal. The major decreases in binocularity occurred in layers II, III, and VI for simple I and simple II cells and in layers II, III, and V for complex cells. The binocularity of simple II cells in layer IV and complex cells in layer VI was not affected. The effects of the transection on the columnar organization of the cortex were assessed by making electrode tracks that passed in the radial or laminar dimensions of the cortex. Reconstructions of the radial tracks showed that cells within one radial column tended to be dominated by the same eye. In adjacent columns, cells tended to be dominated by different eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Formation of Direction Selectivity in Natural Scene Environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Blais ◽  
Leon N. Cooper ◽  
Harel Shouval
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Learning Rules ◽  
Simple And Complex Cells ◽  
Cat Striate Cortex

Most simple and complex cells in the cat striate cortex are both orientation and direction selective. In this article we use single-cell learning rules to develop both orientation and direction selectivity in a natural scene environment. We show that a simple principal component analysis rule is inadequate for developing direction selectivity, but that the BCM rule as well as similar higher-order rules can. We also demonstrate that the convergence of lagged and nonlagged cells depends on the velocity of motion in the environment, and that strobe rearing disrupts this convergence, resulting in a loss of direction selectivity.

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