An investigation into parametric relationships between enterovirus and faecal indicator organisms in the coastal waters of England and Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1863-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Wyer ◽  
Jay M. Fleisher ◽  
Jacqueline Gough ◽  
David Kay ◽  
Helen Merrett
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Parametric Relationships

Survival of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric viruses in the Mediterranean coastal waters off Tel-Aviv

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Fattal ◽  
Robert J. Vasl ◽  
Eliyahu Katzenelson ◽  
Hillel I. Shuval
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
The Mediterranean

Non-outfall sources of faecal indicator organisms affecting the compliance of coastal waters with directive 76/160/EEC

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Wyer ◽  
G. O'Neill ◽  
D. Kay ◽  
J. Crowther ◽  
G. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Faecal Indicators ◽  
The Eu

The general improvement in UK marine recreational water quality is attributed to the implementation of the EU Directives designed to protect the health of bathers and ensure adequate treatment of urban wastewaters. The effect of this legislation is often to remove the dominant source of faecal indicators which previously masked non-outfall sources. These have the potential to prevent the compliance of identified EU bathing waters with Directive 76/160/EEC standards for faecal coliform bacterial. Detailed investigative methods are outlined which have been employed to identify, quantify and reduce these sources. This problem requires detailed site specific investigation which is expensive when compared to the significant expenditures being committed to sewage treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbiological quality of coastal waters in Greece

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Vantarakis ◽  
A. Tsibouxi ◽  
D. Venieri ◽  
G. Komninou ◽  
M. Papapetropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Human Viruses

To evaluate the microbiological water quality of bathing sites along the Achaia coastline (south western Greece), a survey was conducted to determine the concentration of faecal bacterial and phage indicators as well as the presence of human viruses. Seawater samples (234) were collected from nine bathing sites on the Achaia coastline and were analysed for the presence of: total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, Escherichia coli, somatic coliphages, F-RNA bacteriophages, bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis, enteroviruses, adenoviruses and hepatitis A viruses. Most of the bacteriological analysis results were in accordance with the European Union standards. In all sites, bacteriophages were detected occasionally. Enteroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in 24 samples (10.26%) and 37 samples (15.81%) respectively. No samples were positive for the presence of hepatitis A virus. The overall data indicates that bathing sites are impacted by human faecal material. Both bacterial indicators and phages have low predictive capability for the presence of human viruses in coastal waters. None of the environmental parameters analysed was strongly related to the presence of the indicator organisms and viruses. Appropriate and effective administrative measures that should be taken into account may be considered in order to improve water quality and reduce public health risk.

scholarly journals Identification of Nonpoint Sources of Fecal Pollution in Coastal Waters by Using Host-Specific 16S Ribosomal DNA Genetic Markers from Fecal Anaerobes

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Bernhard ◽  
Katharine G. Field
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
16S Ribosomal Dna

ABSTRACT We describe a new PCR-based method for distinguishing human and cow fecal contamination in coastal waters without culturing indicator organisms, and we show that the method can be used to track bacterial marker sequences in complex environments. We identified two human-specific genetic markers and five cow-specific genetic markers in fecal samples by amplifying 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments from members of the genus Bifidobacterium and theBacteroides-Prevotella group and performing length heterogeneity PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Host-specific patterns suggested that there are species composition differences in the Bifidobacterium andBacteroides-Prevotella populations of human and cow feces. The patterns were highly reproducible among different hosts belonging to the same species. Additionally, all host-specific genetic markers were detected in water samples collected from areas frequently contaminated with fecal pollution. Ease of detection and longer survival in water made Bacteroides-Prevotella indicators better than Bifidobacterium indicators. Fecal 16S rDNA sequences corresponding to our Bacteroides-Prevotellamarkers comprised closely related gene clusters, none of which exactly matched previously published Bacteroides orPrevotella sequences. Our method detected host-specific markers in water at pollutant concentrations of 2.8 × 10−5 to 2.8 × 10−7 g (dry weight) of feces/liter and 6.8 × 10−7 g (dry weight) of sewage/liter. Although our aim was to identify nonpoint sources of fecal contamination, the method described here should be widely applicable for monitoring spatial and temporal fluctuations in specific bacterial groups in natural environments.

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