Non-outfall sources of faecal indicator organisms affecting the compliance of coastal waters with directive 76/160/EEC

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Wyer ◽  
G. O'Neill ◽  
D. Kay ◽  
J. Crowther ◽  
G. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Faecal Indicators ◽  
The Eu

The general improvement in UK marine recreational water quality is attributed to the implementation of the EU Directives designed to protect the health of bathers and ensure adequate treatment of urban wastewaters. The effect of this legislation is often to remove the dominant source of faecal indicators which previously masked non-outfall sources. These have the potential to prevent the compliance of identified EU bathing waters with Directive 76/160/EEC standards for faecal coliform bacterial. Detailed investigative methods are outlined which have been employed to identify, quantify and reduce these sources. This problem requires detailed site specific investigation which is expensive when compared to the significant expenditures being committed to sewage treatment.

Impact of ‘Organic' Pollutants on Coastal Waters, Gulf of Trieste

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Olivotti ◽  
J. Faganeli ◽  
A. Malej
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Gulf Of Trieste ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Impact

The main sources of potential ‘organic' pollutants (essentially pathogens, nutrients, floatables, suspended solids and detergents) discharged to the Gulf of Trieste by sewers and rivers are briefly reviewed; about 470,000 people live in the coastal area, and nearly 400,000 of them discharge sewage effluents to the Gulf. This brief review is followed by an evaluation of the impact of such discharges on the quality of marine waters, with reference to the impairment of uses such as bathing and shellfish cultivation. The sanitary and aesthetic aspects of faecal pollution which typically affect coastal waters are examined together with the water quality standards pertaining to bathing waters and shellfish cultivation areas; the extent of pollution of the coastal waters is determined. Experience gained at some wastewater treatment and disposal works is cited. On the whole, the Gulf of Trieste appears to be in a satisfactory condition: more than 85% of the shoreline (totalling 42 km in Yugoslavia and 93 km in Italy) is unpolluted, according to the pertaining standards. Ameliorations are, however, urgently needed in many respects. Recommendations regarding adequate forms of sewage treatment and disposal are made.

scholarly journals Realizing the Social Dimension of EU Coastal Water Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
David Langlet ◽  
Aron Westholm
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Current System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Eu

In the last 20 years, the EU has adopted some rather ambitious pieces of legislation with the aim to achieve a good environmental status in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Both the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) have a strong focus on the natural environment and biological criteria for assessing the status of the relevant ecosystems. In the same time period, much research on environmental governance has focused on the interconnectedness of social systems and ecosystems, so-called social-ecological systems (SES). While having high aspirations, the legal frameworks underpinning current EU water and marine management do not necessarily reflect the advances of contemporary science relating to SES. Using the geographical intersection of the two directives, i.e., coastal waters as a focal point, the paper explores the inchoate integration of social and ecological perspectives in the EU marine governance. What are the main challenges for the current EU legal regimes for managing coastal waters in a way that builds on the understanding of social and ecological systems as interconnected? Having explored the two directives, the paper introduces the possibility of using marine spatial planning (MSP), and the EU directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSPD) as a bridge between the social and ecological dimensions and discusses what implications this would have for the current system for governing coastal waters in Europe.

scholarly journals Land-use and agriculture in Denmark around year 1900 and the quest for EU Water Framework Directive reference conditions in coastal waters

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent T. Christensen ◽  
Birger F. Pedersen ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Jørgen Eriksen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to protect the ecological status of coastal waters. To establish acceptable boundaries between good and moderate ecological status, the WFD calls for reference conditions practically undisturbed by human impact. For Denmark, the nitrogen (N) concentrations present around year 1900 have been suggested to represent reference conditions. As the N load of coastal waters relates closely to runoff from land, any reduction in load links to agricultural activity. We challenge the current use of historical N balances to establish WFD reference conditions and initiate an alternative approach based on parish-level land-use statistics collected 1896/1900 and N concentrations in root zone percolates from experiments with year 1900-relevant management. This approach may be more widely applicable for landscapes with detailed historic information on agricultural activity. Using this approach, we find an average N concentration in root zone percolates that is close to that of current agriculture. Thus, considering Danish coastal waters to be practically unaffected by human activity around year 1900 remains futile as 75% of the land area was subject to agricultural activity with a substantial potential for N loss to the environment. It appears unlikely that the ecological state of coastal waters around year 1900 may serve as WFD reference condition.

scholarly journals Monitoring residue in animals and primary products of animal origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Jankovic ◽  
Aurelija Spiric ◽  
Tatjana Radicevic ◽  
Srdjan Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Eu

The objective of control and systematic monitoring of residue is to secure, by the examination of a corresponding number of samples, the efficient monitoring of the residue level in tissues and organs of animals, as well as in primary products of animal origin. This creates possibilities for the timely taking of measures toward the securing of food hygiene of animal origin and the protection of public health. Residue can be a consequence of the inadequate use of medicines in veterinary medicine and pesticides in agriculture and veterinary medicine, as well as the polluting of the environment with toxic elements, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and others. Residue is being monitored in Serbia since 1972, and in 2004, national monitoring was brought to the level of EU countries through significant investments by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management. This is also evident in the EU directives which permit exports of all kinds of meat and primary products of animal origin, covered by the Residue Monitoring Program. The program of systematic examinations of residue has been coordinated with the requirements of the European Union, both according to the type of examined substance, as well as according to the number of samples and the applied analytical techniques. In addition to the development of methods and the including of new harmful substances into the monitoring programme, it is also necessary to coordinate the national regulations that define the maximum permitted quantities of certain medicines and contaminants with the EU regulations, in order to protect the health of consumers as efficiently as possible, and for the country to take equal part in international trade.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE ROMANIAN FISCAL LEGISLATION

2008 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mircea Muntean ◽  
Doina Pacurari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Dividend Tax ◽  
Excise Duties ◽  
The Eu

Fiscal policy constitutes – within the state's economic policy – a system by means of which the taxes and duties owed to the country's consolidated budget are established and collected. Taking into account the role fiscal policy has been playing since Romania's admission in the European Union, one of the goals ceaselessly looked for is its adapting to the international community's acquis through the implementation of the European directives in our context. The EU directives make reference to direct taxes: dividend tax, interest income tax, assets transfer, shares exchange, income taxation for the non-residents, and so on, along with the indirect taxes: value-added tax, excise duties, etc. The paper approaches the main provisions within the contents of the European directives as well as the means of their implementation in the Romanian fiscal legislation regarding various types of taxes. The implementation of the European directives has been simultaneous with the establishing of measures concerning fiscal fraud prevention, frauds liable to have a negative impact on the state's consolidated budget.

scholarly journals Mediator jako zawód włączony w ustrój sądów powszechnych – praktyka zmian dotyczących mediacji cywilnej

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Anna Kalisz
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Commercial Disputes

<p>The article is an attempt to examine the results of the amendments, which have been introduced to civil procedure and to mediation law since the 1<sup>st</sup> January 2016. Mediation corresponds with the nature of private law and in many other Western countries it has become a significant part of justice in civil, commercial and family matters. The examined updating was meant to: raise the social knowledge and recognition of mediation; increase the number of mediations conducted; motivate lawyers to apply it as a solution for legal disputes; raise the standards of professional court mediators and – last but not least – shorten the length of the civil proceedings. Most of the changes have been inspired by the EU directives on commercial disputes.</p>

Survival of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric viruses in the Mediterranean coastal waters off Tel-Aviv

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Fattal ◽  
Robert J. Vasl ◽  
Eliyahu Katzenelson ◽  
Hillel I. Shuval
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
The Mediterranean
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