Indications of regional and large-scale biological effects caused by bleached pulp mill effluents

Chemosphere ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balk L. ◽  
Förlin L. ◽  
Söderström M. ◽  
Larsson Å.
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Recovery of ovary size, follicle cell apoptosis, and HSP70 expression in fish exposed to bleached pulp mill effluent

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Janz ◽  
Mark E McMaster ◽  
Lynn P Weber ◽  
Kelly R Munkittrick ◽  
Glen Van Der Kraak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cell ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

We hypothesized that impaired ovarian function (e.g., reduced ovary size) in wild fish chronically exposed to bleached pulp mill effluents is related to an increased rate of apoptosis in ovarian follicle (granulosa and (or) theca) cells. In 1996, vitellogenic white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected downstream of a bleached kraft pulp mill had reduced ovary size associated with increases in ovarian cell apoptosis and stress protein (HSP70) expression when compared with fish collected from an upstream reference site. Fish sampling was repeated in 1998 following mill maintenance changes aimed at minimizing the discharge of process chemicals. In 1998, there were no differences in ovary size, ovarian cell apoptosis, or ovarian HSP70 levels between fish collected upstream and downstream of the mill. Based on the results of this and our previous work, we conclude that chronic stimulation of ovarian cell apoptosis by certain components of mill effluents may represent an important cellular mechanism responsible for reductions in ovary size, and potentially other integrated reproductive responses, in female fish exposed to pulp mill effluents.

Endocrine-Modulating Substances in the Environment: The Wildlife Connection

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Historical observations, first publicized in Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, demonstrated biological effects of persistent, bioaccumulative pollutants on wildlife. These effects included disruption of reproduction and, in some situations, responses mediated through the endocrine system. The substances that caused these effects were mainly highly chlorinated halocarbon compounds, such as DDT (and metabolites), other organochlorine pesticides, polychlori-nated biphenyls, poly chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and poly chlorinated dibenzofurans. In contrast, responses of fish to industrial discharges and pulp mill effluents have implicated more water-soluble compounds. Characterizations of wildlife exposures require consideration of temporal and spatial factors that they exacerbate or ameliorate responses. Likewise, effects of endocrine-modulating substances m ay appear at subsequent stages of development, not at the time of exposure. Consistent with the declines in environmental concentrations of persistent, bioaccumulative substances, populations of several wild bird species, including bald eagles, cormorants, herring gulls, and Caspian terns, have increased, recovering from declines noted in previously polluted areas during the 1960s and 1970s.

Variations in Year-Class Strength of Different Perch (Perca fluviatilis) Populations in the Baltic Sea with Special Reference to Temperature and Pollution

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Böhling ◽  
Richard Hudd ◽  
Hannu Lehtonen ◽  
Peter Karås ◽  
Erik Neuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Baltic

Variations in the year-class strength of perch (Perca fluviatilis) were analyzed among 23 populations in Baltic coastal areas distributed between 57 and 66°N using the age distribution in catches. In spite of large differences in abiotic and biotic factors, the variations in year-class strength were similar in 14 of these areas. The similarities could be attributed to large-scale weather variations influencing water temperature. Year-class strength was shown to be correlated with an index based on temperature and day length during the whole first year of life. In two of the nine deviating populations, perch nursery areas are situated in small nearshore freshwaters, where fluctuations in the water level may be more important for recruitment than temperature variations. The other deviating areas were exposed to environmental disturbances, i.e. acidification, oxygen deficits, pulp mill effluents, and thermal discharge, which obviously affected recruitment in a decisive way.

Effects of a Bleached Pulp Mill Effluent on Growth and Gonad Function in Baltic Coastal Fish

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sandström ◽  
E. Neuman ◽  
P. Karås
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Development ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Coastal Fish ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Somatic Condition ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Gonadal Recrudescence

Growth and reproductive capacity in perch (Percafluviatilia L.) and roach (Rutilusrutilus (L.)) were studied during 1983, 1984 and 1985 in a coastal area of the Bothnian Sea affected by bleached pulp mill effluents. Comparative investigations were made at a mill producing unbleached pulp. In perch exposed to bleachery effluents effects were observed on length increase rates, somatic condition factors and on gonad development. The fraction of fishes displaying inhibited gonadal recrudescence was high close to the mill, and the size of developing gonads was comparatively small. Growth was faster in exposed fishes, in young-of-the-year as well as in older fish. Effects on length growth could be distinguished as far back as in 1975. Energy storage, expressed as the condition factor, was highest in exposed fishes. The effect pattern was more diffuse in roach, but examples of reduced gonad growth were noted. In conclusion, these studies provided evidence for changes in the energy allocation system in fish exposed to a bleached pulp mill effluent.

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