Effects of diet on conversion of aflatoxin B1 to bacterial mutagen(s) by rats in vivo and by rat hepatic microsomes in vitro

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Suit ◽  
Adrianne E. Rodgers ◽  
M.E.R. Jetten ◽  
S.E. Luria
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Hepatic Microsomes

scholarly journals Measures against aflatoxin B1: a brief review about the use of flavonoids and clays

Biotemas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Janaína Nones ◽  
Humberto Gracher Riella ◽  
Jader Nones
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2017v30n1p1A aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) é uma das micotoxinas mais abundantes e tóxicas produzidas por cepas toxigênicas. Esta substância afeta a viabilidade celular, sendo capaz de induzir a morte, tanto de células humanas, quanto de células animais. Medidas vêm sendo adotadas para minimizar os danos causados pela AFB1, incluindo a utilização de flavonoides (compostos polifenólicos extraídos de plantas) e bentonitas (um tipo de argila). Nesta revisão, as características físico-químicas da AFB1 e seus efeitos em diferentes tipos de células, in vitro e in vivo, foram abordados. Além disso, a capacidade de proteção celular a partir de substâncias e materiais naturais, tais como flavonoides e bentonita, foi brevemente descrita. Também relatamos os efeitos econômicos causados pelas micotoxinas e sugerimos alternativas (flavonoides e bentonita) para novas abordagens terapêuticas visando combater a toxicidade causada por estas substâncias (AFB1).

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity in turkey, duck, quail and chicken liver microsomes against four human cytochrome P450 prototype substrates and aflatoxin B1

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansen W. Murcia ◽  
Gonzalo J. Díaz ◽  
Sandra Milena Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Catalytic Rate

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) are a group of monooxygenases able to biotransform several kinds of xenobiotics including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic mycotoxin. These enzymes have been widely studied in humans and others mammals, but there is not enough information in commercial poultry species about their biochemical characteristics or substrate specificity. The aim of the present study was to identify CYPs from avian liver microsomes with the use of prototype substrates specific for human CYP enzymes and AFB1. Biochemical characterization was carried out in vitro and biotransformation products were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzymatic constants were calculated and comparisons between turkey, duck, quail and chicken activities were done. The results demonstrate the presence of four avian ortholog enzyme activities possibly related with a CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6 (activity not previously identified) and CYP3A4 poultry orthologs, respectively. Large differences in enzyme kinetics specific for prototype substrates were found among the poultry species studied. Turkey liver microsomes had the highest affinity and catalytic rate for AFB1 whereas chicken enzymes had the lowest affinity and catalytic rate for the same substrate. Quail and duck microsomes showed intermediate values. These results correlate well with the known in vivo sensitivity for AFB1 except for the duck. A high correlation coefficient between 7-ethoxyresorufin-Odeethylase (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin- O-deethylase (MROD) activities was found in the four poultry species, suggesting that these two enzymatic activities might be carried out by the same enzyme. The results of the present study indicate that four prototype enzyme activities are present in poultry liver microsomes, possibly related with the presence of three CYP avian orthologs. More studies are needed in order to further characterize these enzymes.

scholarly journals Phenobarbital influence on neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga ◽  
Caroline Coutinho de Barcelos ◽  
Franklin Sarmento da Silva Braga ◽  
Samanta Cristina Antoniassi Fernandes ◽  
Yoko Oshima Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Neuromuscular Block ◽  
Cytochrome B5 ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Hepatic Microsomes ◽  
Enzymatic Induction

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium in rats treated with Phenobarbital and to determine cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 concentrations in hepatic microsomes. METHODS: Thirty rats were included in the study and distributed into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Rats were treated for seven days with phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) and the following parameters were evaluated: 1) the amplitude of muscle response in the preparation of rats exposed to phenobarbital; 2) rocuronium effect on rat preparation exposed or not to phenobarbital; 3) concentrations of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 in hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed or not to phenobarbital. The concentration and dose of rocuronium used in vitro and in vivo experiments were 4 µg/mL and 0,6 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: Phenobarbital in vitro and in vivo did not alter the amplitude of muscle response. The neuromuscular blockade in vitro produced by rocuronium was significantly different (p=0.019) between exposed (20%) and not exposed (60%) rats; the blockade in vivo was significantly greater (p=0.0081) in treated rats (93.4%). The enzymatic concentrations were significantly greater in rats exposed to phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: Phenobarbital alone did not compromise neuromuscular transmission. It produced enzymatic induction, and neuromuscular blockade in vivo produced by rocuronium was potentiated by phenobarbital.

Effect of aflatoxin B1 treatment in vivo on the in vitro activity of hepatic and extrahepatic glutathione S-transferase

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Carrillo ◽  
Cristina Ester Carnovale ◽  
Juan A. Monti
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

scholarly journals Assessing the Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption Capacity between Biosorbents Using an In Vitro Multicompartmental Model Simulating the Dynamic Conditions in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Poultry

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anai Zavala-Franco ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Patlán ◽  
Bruno Solís-Cruz ◽  
Raquel López-Arellano ◽  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
X Ray

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of three different biosorbents (banana peel, Pyracantha leaves, and Aloe powder) in removing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A noncommercial mycotoxin binder (zeolite) was used as a reference material. A laboratory model that simulated the in vivo conditions of the poultry gastrointestinal tract was utilized to prove the removal efficiency of the biosorbents when added to AFB1-contaminated diet (100 µg/kg). The concentration of AFB1 was determined using antibody-based immunoaffinity column and spectrofluorometry methodologies. Z potential (ζ), point of zero charge (pHpzc), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques were used to further characterize the biosorbents. The addition of the biosorbents (1.5%, w/w) to the diet significantly reduced the bioavailability of AFB1 in the intestinal section. The highest aflatoxin adsorption values were 69% and 70% using Aloe powder and zeolite, respectively. A moderate biosorption uptake of 46% was achieved using Pyracantha leaves. The biomaterial with the lowest removal capacity was banana peel (28%). In conclusion, Aloe powder could be used as an alternative to conventional systems for AFB1 removal.

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