Motor neuron destruction in guinea pigs immunized with bovine spinal cord ventral horn homogenate: experimental autoimmune gray matter disease

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef I. Engelhardt ◽  
Stanley H. Appel ◽  
James M. Killian
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Bovine Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

scholarly journals Axonal damage in spinal cord is associated with gray matter atrophy in sensorimotor cortex in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra E Meyer ◽  
Josephine L Gao ◽  
James Ying-Jie Cheng ◽  
Mandavi R Oberoi ◽  
Hadley Johnsonbaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Axonal Damage ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Background: Gray matter (GM) atrophy in brain is one of the best predictors of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent findings have revealed that localized GM atrophy is associated with clinical disabilities. GM atrophy associated with each disability mapped to a distinct brain region, revealing a disability-specific atlas (DSA) of GM loss. Objective: To uncover the mechanisms underlying the development of localized GM atrophy. Methods: We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to evaluate localized GM atrophy and Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (CLARITY) to evaluate specific pathologies in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Results: We observed extensive GM atrophy throughout the cerebral cortex, with additional foci in the thalamus and caudoputamen, in mice with EAE compared to normal controls. Next, we generated pathology-specific atlases (PSAs), voxelwise mappings of the correlation between specific pathologies and localized GM atrophy. Interestingly, axonal damage (end-bulbs and ovoids) in the spinal cord strongly correlated with GM atrophy in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain. Conclusion: The combination of VBM with CLARITY in EAE can localize GM atrophy in brain that is associated with a specific pathology in spinal cord, revealing a PSA of GM loss.

scholarly journals Pharmacological, morphological and behavioral analysis of motor impairment in experimentally vitamin C deficient guinea pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Barreto Oriá ◽  
Carlos Maurício de Castro Costa ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Teixeira Santos ◽  
Carlos Meton de Alencar G. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficit ◽  
Neuron Cell Body

The scurvy shows an inflammatory disease and gingival bleeding. Nevertheless, in an animal model for guinea pigs, described by Den Hartog Jager in 1985, scurvy was associated with a motor neuron disease with demyelinization of the pyramidal tract, provoking neurogenic atrophy of muscles. Aiming at searching the protective role of vitamin C in nervous system, a pharmacological, morphological and behavioral study was conducted. Three experimental groups were used: A100, animals receiving 100 mg/ vitamin C/ day; A5.0, animals receiving 5.0 mg/vitamin C/ day; and A0, animals without vitamin C. We analyzed the weight gain, muscular diameter and behavioral tests. In all tests examined, we found significant differences between the supplemented groups in comparison with scorbutic group (p<0.05). Thereafter, the animals were killed for histopathology of gastrocnemius muscle, spinal cord and tooth tissues. In addition, a morphometric study of periodontal thickness and alpha-motor neuron cell body diameter were done. The vitamin C-diet free regimen seemed to induce a disruption in spinal cord morphology, involving the lower motor neuron, as confirmed by a significant reduction in neuron perycaria diameter and muscular atrophy, complicated by increased nutritional deficit.

scholarly journals EA Improves the Motor Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Signal Transduction of Semaphorin3A and Upregulating of the Peripheral Nerve Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Rong Hu ◽  
Haipeng Xu ◽  
Yaheng Jiang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Kelin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Damage Site ◽  
Central Tube ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Cord Injury

Peripheral nerve networks (PNNs) play a vital role in the neural recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Electroacupuncture (EA), as an alternative medicine, has been widely used in SCI and was proven to be effective on neural functional recovery. In this study, the interaction between PNNs and semaphrin3A (Sema3A) in the recovery of the motor function after SCI was observed, and the effect of EA on them was evaluated. After the establishment of the SCI animal model, we found that motor neurons in the ventral horn of the injured spinal cord segment decreased, Nissl bodies were blurry, and PNNs and Sema3A as well as its receptor neuropilin1 (NRP1) aggregated around the central tube of the gray matter of the spinal cord. When we knocked down the expression of Sema3A at the damage site, NRP1 also downregulated, importantly, PNNs concentration decreased, and tenascin-R (TN-R) and aggrecan were also reduced, while the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor function score dramatically increased. In addition, when conducting EA stimulation on Jiaji (EX-B2) acupoints, the highly upregulated Sema3A and NRP1 were reversed post-SCI, which can lessen the accumulation of PNNs around the central tube of the spinal cord gray matter, and simultaneously promote the recovery of motor function in rats. These results suggest that EA may further affect the plasticity of PNNs by regulating the Sema3A signal and promoting the recovery of the motor function post-SCI.

?-Aminobutyric acid system in isolated dorsal and ventral horn neurons from bovine spinal cord

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-671
Author(s):  
M. Wakabayashi ◽  
H. Higa ◽  
E. Kushiya ◽  
K. Araki ◽  
Y. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Bovine Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Intrathecal infusion of BMAA induces selective motor neuron damage and astrogliosis in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

2014 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Z. Yin ◽  
Stephen Yu ◽  
Cheng-I Hsu ◽  
Joe Liu ◽  
Allan Acab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Neuron Damage ◽  
Intrathecal Infusion

scholarly journals Dorsal and ventral horn atrophy is associated with clinical outcome after spinal cord injury

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (17) ◽  
pp. e1510-e1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Huber ◽  
Gergely David ◽  
Alan J. Thompson ◽  
Nikolaus Weiskopf ◽  
Siawoosh Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Weighted Sequence ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lesion Severity

ObjectiveTo investigate whether gray matter pathology above the level of injury, alongside white matter changes, also contributes to sensorimotor impairments after spinal cord injury.MethodsA 3T MRI protocol was acquired in 17 tetraplegic patients and 21 controls. A sagittal T2-weighted sequence was used to characterize lesion severity. At the C2-3 level, a high-resolution T2*-weighted sequence was used to assess cross-sectional areas of gray and white matter, including their subcompartments; a diffusion-weighted sequence was used to compute voxel-based diffusion indices. Regression models determined associations between lesion severity and tissue-specific neurodegeneration and associations between the latter with neurophysiologic and clinical outcome.ResultsNeurodegeneration was evident within the dorsal and ventral horns and white matter above the level of injury. Tract-specific neurodegeneration was associated with prolonged conduction of appropriate electrophysiologic recordings. Dorsal horn atrophy was associated with sensory outcome, while ventral horn atrophy was associated with motor outcome. White matter integrity of dorsal columns and corticospinal tracts was associated with daily-life independence.ConclusionOur results suggest that, next to anterograde and retrograde degeneration of white matter tracts, neuronal circuits within the spinal cord far above the level of injury undergo transsynaptic neurodegeneration, resulting in specific gray matter changes. Such improved understanding of tissue-specific cord pathology offers potential biomarkers with more efficient targeting and monitoring of neuroregenerative (i.e., white matter) and neuroprotective (i.e., gray matter) agents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document