PURPOSE: To assess possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between gemcitabine and paclitaxel in a phase I/II study in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with advanced NSCLC received the following in a 3-week schedule: gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 (30 minutes, days 1 and 8) and paclitaxel 150 (n = 9) or 200 mg/m2 (n = 9) before gemcitabine (3 hours, day 1). Plasma pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in mononuclear cells were studied. RESULTS: Gemcitabine did not influence paclitaxel pharmacokinetics at 150 and 200 mg/m2 (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC], 7.7 and 8.8 μmol/ L · h, respectively; maximum plasma concentration [Cmax], 3.2 and 4.0 μmol/L, respectively), and paclitaxel did not influence that of gemcitabine (Cmax, 30 ± 3 μmol/L) and 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine. Paclitaxel, however, dose-dependently increased the Cmax of gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP), the active metabolite of gemcitabine, from 55 ± 10 to 106 ± 16 pmol/106 cells. No significant difference in the AUC of dFdCTP was observed. Moreover, the gemcitabine-paclitaxel combination significantly increased ribonucleotide levels, most pronounced for adenosine triphosphate (six- to seven-fold). Postinfusion paclitaxel AUC was related to pretreatment hepatic function (bilirubin: r = 0.79; P < .001) and to the percentage decrease in platelets (r = 0.61; P = .009). The latter was also related to the duration of paclitaxel concentration above 0.1 μmol/L (r = 0.62; P = .007). Gemcitabine Cmax was related to the percentage decrease in platelets (r = 0.58; P = .01), pretreatment hepatic function (bilirubin: r = 0.77; P < .001), and to plasma creatinine (r = 0.5; P = .03). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were not related to response or survival. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine and paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were related to the percentage decrease in platelets. Paclitaxel did not affect the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, nor did gemcitabine affect the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, but paclitaxel increased dFdCTP accumulation. This might enhance the antitumor activity of gemcitabine.
Bortezomib induces schedule-dependent modulation of gemcitabine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in non-small cell lung cancer and blood mononuclear cells