Proinflammatory cytokine-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered in rats with acute cholestasis: Adrenal response TQ TNF-alpha Z.1 Liver Diseases Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892

Hepatology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. A171
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Acute Cholestasis

DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOTHALAMIC–PITUITARY–ADRENAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN RATS MADE HYPOTHYROID BY EXPOSURE TO THIOURACIL FROM CONCEPTION

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. MESERVE ◽  
J. H. LEATHEM
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
State Delays ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Adrenal Response

The functional maturation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been studied in rats of 20–35 days of age made hypothyroid by the administration of thiouracil from conception. Basal concentrations of corticosterone in serum were normal in hypothyroid animals. Ether stress led to an increase in corticosterone content of the adrenal glands of hypothyroid and normal rats but not to a rise in serum corticosterone of hypothyroid rats until 30 days of age. Corticosterone secretion in response to ACTH administration was subnormal in hypothyroid rats. The hypothyroid state delays the development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–portion of the HPA axis until 30 days of age and causes a diminution in the adrenal response to ACTH beyond this time.

scholarly journals Effect of vasopressin 1b receptor blockade on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal response of chronically stressed rats to a heterotypic stressor

2008 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Spiga ◽  
Louise R Harrison ◽  
Cliona P MacSweeney ◽  
Fiona J Thomson ◽  
Mark Craighead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Adrenal Response

Exposure to chronic restraint (CR) modifies the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to subsequent acute stressors with adaptation of the response to a homotypic and sensitization of the response to a heterotypic stressor. Since vasopressin (AVP) activity has been reported to change during chronic stress, we investigated whether this was an important factor in HPA facilitation. We therefore tested whether vasopressin 1b receptor (AVPR1B) blockade altered the ACTH and corticosterone response to heterotypic stressors following CR stress. Adult male rats were exposed to CR, single restraint, or were left undisturbed in the home cage. Twenty-four hours after the last restraint, rats were injected with either a AVPR1B antagonist (Org, 30 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (5% mulgofen in saline, 0.2/kg, s.c.) and then exposed to either restraint, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or white noise. CR resulted in the adaptation of the ACTH and corticosterone response to restraint and this effect was not prevented by pretreatment with Org. Although we found no effect of CR on LPS-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion, both repeated and single episodes of restraint induced the sensitization of the ACTH, but not corticosterone response to acute noise. Pretreatment with Org reduced the exaggerated ACTH response to noise after both single and repeated exposure to restraint.

Stimulatory effect of interleukin-1β on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the rat: influence of age, gender and circulating sex steroids

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rivier
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Old Rats

Abstract The bilateral communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems plays an essential role in modulating the adequate response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to the stimulatory influence of interleukins (ILs). It is thus reasonable to assume that inappropriate responses of the HPA axis to ILs might play a role in modulating the onset of pathological conditions such as infections. As part of our programme aimed at investigating the ability of ILs to release pro-opiomelanocortin-like peptides and corticosterone in rats exposed to alcohol, we observed that this stimulatory action appeared to be influenced by the gender of the animals. We therefore examined the ability of IL-1β, injected peripherally, to stimulate the HPA axis as a function of stage of sexual maturation and the presence or absence of circulating sex steroids. In immature (21 to 22-day-old) rats, both males and females responded to the i.p. administration of 0·5 or 2·0 μg IL-1β/kg with statistically comparable increases in plasma ACTH levels. In contrast, females released significantly (P<0·01) more corticosterone in response to the lower dose of cytokine. Forty-day-old intact animals showed no sexual dimorphism in ACTH secretion, but the females again secreted significantly (P<0·05–0·01) more corticosterone. Gonadectomy, performed 7–8 days prior to the assay, increased the absolute amount of corticosterone released over a 60-min period. A noticeable dimorphism of the ACTH response to IL-1β became apparent in 70-day-old intact rats, with females secreting more ACTH than males. These females also released significantly more corticosterone than males under both resting and stimulated circumstances. In this age group, gonadectomy abolished the sex difference in terms of ACTH release, but augmented the total amount of corticosteroids secreted by both sexes, as well as increasing the sexual dimorphism. These results suggest the presence of gender differences in the response of the HPA axis to IL-1β. While the sexual dimorphism of ACTH secretion appears to be dependent on circulating sex steroids, the sexually dimorphic adrenal response was retained following gonadectomy. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 365–372

Geschlechtsunterschiede in Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen und Entzündungsparametern im Zusammenhang mit Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 222-237
Author(s):  
Lena Schneider ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Mesh Terms

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Frauen erkranken fast doppelt so häufig wie Männer an einer Major Depression. Eine Hyperaktivität der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (HHNA) und eine chronisch niedrig-gradige Inflammation sind 2 der konsistentesten biologischen Befunde bei schweren Depressionen. Inwiefern diese Parameter für die Existenz von Geschlechtsunterschieden bei Depression eine Rolle spielen, ist noch unzureichend untersucht worden. Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche mittels der elektronischen Fachdatenbanken (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES) durchgeführt. Die Suche umfasste alle englischsprachigen Artikel, die bis zum 29. Juni 2019 aufgenommen wurden. Als MeSH terms wurden depression, sex differences, inflammation, hpa axis, mit Zusätzen wie cortisol, crp, IL-6, TNF-alpha, dex/crh oder tsst verwendet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 62 Primärstudien mit einem Total von 91318 Probanden (52 % Frauen) eingeschlossen werden. Basale Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen scheinen für beide Geschlechter tendenziell positiv mit dem Vorliegen oder der Schwere einer Depressionssymptomatik assoziiert zu sein. Konsistente Geschlechtsunterschiede konnten für die Cortisolreaktion auf einen Stressor sowie für Entzündungsmarker identifiziert werden. Fazit: Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Neurobiologie der Depression sind identifizierbar und geben Anlass für geschlechtsspezifische Untersuchungen der Pathophysiologie von Depressionen und deren geschlechtsspezifischer Behandlungen.

Effects of alprazolam on cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) induced panic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Eser ◽  
P Zwanzger ◽  
S Aicher ◽  
C Schüle ◽  
TC Baghai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

scholarly journals Dream Recall/Affect and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Athanasios Tselebis ◽  
Emmanouil Zoumakis ◽  
Ioannis Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

In this concise review, we present an overview of research on dream recall/affect and of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, discussing caveats regarding the action of hormones of the HPA axis (mainly cortisol and its free form, cortisol-binding globulin and glucocorticoid receptors). We present results of studies regarding dream recall/affect and the HPA axis under physiological (such as waking) or pathological conditions (such as in Cushing’s syndrome or stressful situations). Finally, we try to integrate the effect of the current COVID-19 situation with dream recall/affect vis-à-vis the HPA axis.

scholarly journals Do Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Pain Influence the Efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines?

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1000
Author(s):  
Haewon Lee ◽  
Jennifer A Punt ◽  
David C Miller ◽  
Ameet Nagpal ◽  
Clark C Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Corticosteroid Injections

Abstract Myth Corticosteroid injection for the treatment of pain and inflammation is known to decrease the efficacy of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fact There is currently no direct evidence to suggest that a corticosteroid injection before or after the administration of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine decreases the efficacy of the vaccine. However, based on the known timeline of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression following epidural and intraarticular corticosteroid injections, and the timeline of the reported peak efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, physicians should consider timing an elective corticosteroid injection such that it is administered no less than 2 weeks prior to a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose and no less than 1 week following a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, whenever possible.

scholarly journals Genes and hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in post-traumatic stress disorder. What is their role in symptom expression and treatment response?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Tabea Schumacher ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud ◽  
Ulrike Ehlert ◽  
Sarah Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Less than half of all individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remit spontaneously and a large proportion of those seeking treatment do not respond sufficiently. This suggests that there may be subgroups of individuals who are in need of augmentative or alternative treatments. One of the most frequent pathophysiological findings in PTSD is alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, including enhanced negative feedback sensitivity and attenuated peripheral cortisol. Given the role of the HPA axis in cognition, this pattern may contribute to PTSD symptoms and interfere with key processes of standard first-line treatments, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT). Methods This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of research regarding the role of HPA axis functioning in PTSD symptoms and treatment. Results Overall, there is preliminary evidence that hypocortisolaemia contributes to symptom manifestation in PTSD; that it predicts non-responses to TF-CBT; and that it is subject to change in parallel with positive treatment trajectories. Moreover, there is evidence that genetic and epigenetic alterations within the genes NR3C1 and FKBP5 are associated with this hypocortisolaemic pattern and that some of these alterations change as symptoms improve over the course of treatment. Conclusions Future research priorities include investigations into the role of the HPA axis in day-to-day symptom variation, the time scale in which biological changes in response to treatment occur, and the effects of sex. Furthermore, before conceiving augmentative or alternative treatments that target the described mechanisms, multilevel studies are warranted.

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