Abstract
Studies of the reactions occurring during mastication and vulcanization of rubber must be regarded as still far from completed despite the many valuable experimental contributions. Although many theories have been developed on the mechanism of the processes to be discussed here, either based on the results of direct studies of the chemical processes or on the results of indirect physico-technological methods, one still has the impression that a thorough interpretation of all the relationships is not possible at present. Mastication and vulcanization are undoubtedly very difficult problems which are chosen by the experimenter mainly because of their importance. It is convenient to distinguish between those studies that deal with the elucidation of the reactions of the molecular chains of rubber during mastication, cyclization, and vulcanization, and those that deal with the performance of all the compounds which influence the course of these processes. At present we are interested in the second of these studies. In order to undertake the experimental work, it seemed to be desirable to have analytical methods by which we would be able to determine quantitatively the smallest amounts of accelerators, age resistors and, as well, the decomposition products of various of the rubber chemicals in question. We feel that the development of these methods is absolutely necessary for scientific studies of the kind mentioned and also desirable for the industrial laboratory. Many procedures for the analysis of rubber compounding ingredients, especially of vulcanization accelerators and age resistors, have been published; most of these, however, are for qualitative identification only. Besides precipitation and color reactions, physico-chemical methods are of considerable importance. Spectroscopic investigations of all kinds, and especially the characterization of substances by their ultrared, ultraviolet, and infrared spectra have been widely applied. Work on the application of polarography has become known. Chromatographic analysis has been put to use with marked success to separate compounds of interest and then to identify them by characteristic reactions.
Physico-chemical surface characterization of a bacterial population isolated from a milking machine
