The primary auditory cortex in cetacean and human brain: A comparative analysis of neurofilament protein-containing pyramidal neurons

1992 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Hof ◽  
Ilya I. Glezer ◽  
Nancy Archin ◽  
William G. Janssen ◽  
Peter J. Morgane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neurofilament Protein

scholarly journals Serotonin Transporter Defect Disturbs Structure and Function of the Auditory Cortex in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenlu Pan ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Hongzheng Zhang ◽  
Jie Tang
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Neuronal Connections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates the level of 5-HT and significantly affects the activity of serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system. The manipulation of SERT has lasting neurobiological and behavioral consequences, including developmental dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Auditory disorders have been widely reported as the adverse events of these mental diseases. It is unclear how SERT impacts neuronal connections/interactions and what mechanism(s) may elicit the disruption of normal neural network functions in auditory cortex. In the present study, we report on the neuronal morphology and function of auditory cortex in SERT knockout (KO) mice. We show that the dendritic length of the fourth layer (L-IV) pyramidal neurons and the second-to-third layer (L-II/III) interneurons were reduced in the auditory cortex of the SERT KO mice. The number and density of dendritic spines of these neurons were significantly less than those of wild-type neurons. Also, the frequency-tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex was disrupted in SERT KO mice. The auditory neurons of SERT KO mice exhibited border frequency tuning with high-intensity thresholds. These findings indicate that SERT plays a key role in development and functional maintenance of auditory cortical neurons. Auditory function should be examined when SERT is selected as a target in the treatment for psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Music-selective neural populations arise without musical training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Boebinger ◽  
Samuel Norman-Haignere ◽  
Josh H. McDermott ◽  
Nancy Kanwisher
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
Balinese Gamelan ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Response Profile ◽  
Musical Genres

Recent work has shown that human auditory cortex contains neural populations anterior and posterior to primary auditory cortex that respond selectively to music. However, it is unknown how this selectivity for music arises. To test whether musical training is necessary, we measured fMRI responses to 192 natural sounds in 10 people with almost no musical training. When voxel responses were decomposed into underlying components, this group exhibited a music-selective component that was very similar in response profile and anatomical distribution to that previously seen in individuals with moderate musical training. We also found that musical genres that were less familiar to our participants (e.g., Balinese gamelan) produced strong responses within the music component, as did drum clips with rhythm but little melody, suggesting that these neural populations are broadly responsive to music as a whole. Our findings demonstrate that the signature properties of neural music selectivity do not require musical training to develop, showing that the music-selective neural populations are a fundamental and widespread property of the human brain.

scholarly journals Characterization of thalamocortical responses of regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons of the mouse auditory cortex in vitro and in silico

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max L. Schiff ◽  
Alex D. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Thalamic Stimulation ◽  
Fast Spiking

We use a combination of in vitro whole cell recordings and computer simulations to characterize the cellular and synaptic properties that contribute to processing of auditory stimuli. Using a mouse thalamocortical slice preparation, we record the intrinsic membrane properties and synaptic properties of layer 3/4 regular-spiking (RS) pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in primary auditory cortex (AI). We find that postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked in FS cells are significantly larger and depress more than those evoked in RS cells after thalamic stimulation. We use these data to construct a simple computational model of the auditory thalamocortical circuit and find that the differences between FS and RS cells observed in vitro generate model behavior similar to that observed in vivo. We examine how feedforward inhibition and synaptic depression affect cortical responses to time-varying inputs that mimic sinusoidal amplitude-modulated tones. In the model, the balance of cortical inhibition and thalamic excitation evolves in a manner that depends on modulation frequency (MF) of the stimulus and determines cortical response tuning.

scholarly journals Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the mouse primary auditory cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2900-2920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsukano ◽  
Masao Horie ◽  
Takeshi Bo ◽  
Arikuni Uchimura ◽  
Ryuichi Hishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Medial Geniculate Body ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Distinct Frequency ◽  
Nonpyramidal Neurons ◽  
Frequency Area

The primary auditory cortex (AI) is the representative recipient of information from the ears in the mammalian cortex. However, the delineation of the AI is still controversial in a mouse. Recently, it was reported, using optical imaging, that two distinct areas of the AI, located ventrally and dorsally, are activated by high-frequency tones, whereas only one area is activated by low-frequency tones. Here, we show that the dorsal high-frequency area is an independent region that is separated from the rest of the AI. We could visualize the two distinct high-frequency areas using flavoprotein fluorescence imaging, as reported previously. SMI-32 immunolabeling revealed that the dorsal region had a different cytoarchitectural pattern from the rest of the AI. Specifically, the ratio of SMI-32-positive pyramidal neurons to nonpyramidal neurons was larger in the dorsal high-frequency area than the rest of the AI. We named this new region the dorsomedial field (DM). Retrograde tracing showed that neurons projecting to the DM were localized in the rostral part of the ventral division of the medial geniculate body with a distinct frequency organization, where few neurons projected to the AI. Furthermore, the responses of the DM to ultrasonic courtship songs presented by males were significantly greater in females than in males; in contrast, there was no sex difference in response to artificial pure tones. Our findings offer a basic outline on the processing of ultrasonic vocal information on the basis of the precisely subdivided, multiple frequency-organized auditory cortex map in mice.

Characteristics of Intracellularly Injected Infragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayuki Ojima ◽  
Christopher N Honda ◽  
Edward G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex
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