Genetic relationship between Salix exigua and other North American willows (Salix L.): Evidence from allozyme variation

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 767-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K.X. Chong ◽  
Louis Zsuffa ◽  
Filippos A. Aravanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
North American ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Salix Exigua

Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2261-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Consaul ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
European Populations

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium, and P. scabrum) and to verify diploidy in the P. lapathifolium complex and polyploid origins of the morphologically similar P. persicaria and P. pensylvanicum. Of the 15 enzyme systems surveyed in 50 populations of the complex, only 3 of the 23 loci (Acon, Lap, and Skdh) were polymorphic in the North American populations and a total of 6 loci in European populations. Fifteen multilocus genotypes were evident in the complex. Four genotypes (all with Lap-10.67 were exclusive to North American populations of P. lapathifolium, providing support for a North American element of the complex. Nine genotypes (all with Lap-10.63) were found in North American and European populations of P. scabrum, all European populations of the P. lapathifolium complex, and three populations of North American P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium. Lap-10.67 was also found in the native tetraploid P. pensylvanicum, whereas Lap-10.63 was found in the introduced tetraploid P. persicaria. Genetic distances among populations did not support the current taxonomic divisions within the complex, nor did it support separate species status of P. scabrum. Allozyme data provided support for the allotetraploid origins of P. pensylvanicum and P. persicaria, with members of the P. lapathifolium complex as one of the parents of each. Key words: Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, allozymes.

Allozyme variation and population structure of Carex humilis var. nana (Cyperaceae) in Korea

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Kyu Huh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Genetic diversity and population structure of 22 Carex humilis var. nana Ohwi (Cyperaceae) populations in Korea were determined using genetic variation at 23 allozyme loci. This is a long-lived herbaceous species with a widespread distribution in eastern Asia. The 12 enzymes revealed 23 putative loci, of which 11 were polymorphic (47.8%). Genetic diversity at the varietal level and at the population level was 0.131 and 0.118, respectively. Total genetic diversity (HT = 0.274) and within population genetic diversity (HS = 0.256) were high, whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low (GST = 0.068). An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm = 3.42) indicated that gene flow was high among Korean populations. Wide geographic ranges, perennial herbaceous nature, and the persistence of multiple generations are associated with the high level of genetic variation. A distinct difference between Asian and North American Carex is shown in the proportion of genetic variation (GST) (p < 0.001). The mean GST of Asian Carex was estimated as 0.056; thus, only 5.6% of genetic variability was distributed among populations, whereas the mean GST of North American Carex was estimated as 19.5% (3.5 times higher). It is probable that the geographical distance between population pairs and presence or absence of glacial history may play roles in the substantial difference between both groups.Key words: Carex humilis var. nana, genetic diversity, population structure.

scholarly journals Ugrisch und Penuti

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (61) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Knüppel
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
North American ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
North Siberia

The article deals with attempts to “connect” the Ob-Ugrian languages with the Penuti group of languages spoken in North America (California, Oregon etc.) in terms of a genetic relationship. Such attempts were undertaken by Otto J. v. Sadovszky (1925–2004), who considered the speakers of Penuti languages to be migrants from the Ob-Ugrian area in North Siberia; he tried to establish a new language family, which he and his followers called “Cal-Ugrian”. In the article, I first outline previous attempts to connect American Indian languages with Siberian languages, language families and groups of languages. I then present theories attempting to establish a relationship between the Uralic and the North American languages, as well as v. Sadovszky’s “Cal-Ugrian” theory; and demonstrate the weakness of the methods used by v. Sadovszky and his students.

QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE IN CROSSES AMONG FOUR TETRAPLOID WHEATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Jackson ◽  
V. A. Dirks ◽  
L. A. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
North American ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Quantitative Inheritance ◽  
Dominance Variance ◽  
Tetraploid Wheats

Four lines of Triticum durum, representing diverse levels of genetic relationship and geographic origin, were crossed to produce six segregating populations. Additive and dominance components of genetic variance were estimated for five metric characters in the F2 and F4 generations grown in separate years. Dominance variance predominated in two out of the six populations in F2, but was minimal in the F4 generation. Additive genetic variance generally constituted the major source of genetic variance and was significantly greater than zero in all populations for every character investigated in F4. Populations based on crosses involving either of the two Ethiopian selections with either of the two North American varieties used as parents, in general showed larger amounts of genetic variance than the comparable intercross of the two North American varieties. Considerable genetic variance also existed in the populations derived from intercrossing the two Ethiopian wheats. The results of the investigation tend to support the hypothesized increase in genetic variance associated with genetic diversity, and the preponderance of additive genetic variance in naturally self-fertilizing species.

Some problems in the regrouping of Powell Units

1965 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Elmendorf
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
North American Indian ◽  
Linguistic Units

This brief survey directs attention to certain problems involved in assigning together linguistic units (grouping) and in showing by such assignment degrees of genetic relationship (subgrouping). It deals with these topics only with regard to relatively large-scale classificatory units in North American Indian languages. It notes research and cites literature, largely from the past decade, in which reference to and citation of earlier work may be found. And it has omitted mention or discussion of certain recent classificatory proposals for which evidence is not adduced or for which existence of a reproducible method is not clear.

Ldh-4 allozyme variability in North American sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
River Drainages

Allozyme variation at the Ldh-4 locus was surveyed in 66 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) over the North American range of this species. Two alleles, Ldh-4100 and Ldh-4115, were present in populations over the species range, but frequencies of the Ldh-4115 allele exceeding 5% were restricted to some populations in northern British Columbia and Alaska. Ldh-485 present at frequencies less than 10%, was virtually confined to populations of the Skeena River drainage. Likelihood ratio analysis revealed significant variation in Ldh-4 allelic frequencies among major geographic regions, among smaller areas within regions, and among populations within the Nass and Stikine River drainages. Selective and zoogeographic factors which may explain the distribution of the Ldh-4115 allele in North American sockeye populations are discussed.

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