Ldh-4 allozyme variability in North American sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Withler
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
River Drainages

Allozyme variation at the Ldh-4 locus was surveyed in 66 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) over the North American range of this species. Two alleles, Ldh-4100 and Ldh-4115, were present in populations over the species range, but frequencies of the Ldh-4115 allele exceeding 5% were restricted to some populations in northern British Columbia and Alaska. Ldh-485 present at frequencies less than 10%, was virtually confined to populations of the Skeena River drainage. Likelihood ratio analysis revealed significant variation in Ldh-4 allelic frequencies among major geographic regions, among smaller areas within regions, and among populations within the Nass and Stikine River drainages. Selective and zoogeographic factors which may explain the distribution of the Ldh-4115 allele in North American sockeye populations are discussed.

On the Distribution of Young Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Babine and Nilkitkwa Lakes, B.C.

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Skeena River

Babine Lake and connected Nilkitkwa Lake, a total lake area of 174 square miles, provide nursery facilities for progeny of the largest sockeye salmon run to the Skeena River in northern British Columbia.Based on catch per unit of fishing effort, tow-net collections in August and October, 1955, indicate that at least 67%, and possibly as much as 88%, of the total age 0 sockeye population of these lakes (estimated as 50 to 60 million) was concentrated in Nilkitkwa Lake and the North Arm of Babine Lake: that is, in 11.4% of the total lake area. Mean size of young sockeye in these areas of concentration was much smaller than in the sparsely populated remainder of Babine Lake.This unequal distribution of young sockeye, and resulting inefficient utilization of the lake nursery facilities, is apparently a result of the distribution of the spawning parent population and a limited dispersal of young sockeye from their points of entrance into the lake as fry.

SOCKEYE SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA (WALBAUM) FROM THE NORTH-EASTERN CONTINENTAL COAST OF THE OKHOTSK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
V.V. Volobuev ◽  
◽  
M.N. Gorokhov ◽  
I.S. Golovanov ◽  
L.L. Khovanskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Coast ◽  
North Eastern

Movements of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Skeena River Estuary as Revealed by Ultrasonic Tracking

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Groot ◽  
K. Simpson ◽  
I. Todd ◽  
P. D. Murray ◽  
G. A. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal Flows ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Passive Movements

Movements of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) entering the Skeena River were examined in 1969 and 1970 by ultrasonic tracking methods. Fifteen of 18 sockeye released in the lower river seemed to move passively in and out with flood and ebb streams. Two fish moved upstream independent of tides and one salmon swam against ebb and flood currents. Ground speeds in both years of operation were 1.6 km/h during rising and 2.1 km/h during falling tides, causing the fish to be transported downstream by about 3 km per tidal cycle. Three salmon released outside the river mouth in salt water also seemed to ride the tidal flows passively. Ground speeds during ebb (3.6 km/h) were again greater than during flood (2.0 km/h), indicating a net offshore movement. We conclude that these passive movements are not an artifact but that sockeye salmon normally slow down or pause upon reaching the "home river" and drift for a period in tidal currents in the estuary and river mouth before migrating upstream.

Inferring sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population dynamics and water quality changes in a stained nursery lake over the past ∼500 years

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Gregory-Eaves ◽  
Bruce P Finney ◽  
Marianne SV Douglas ◽  
John P Smol
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Multiproxy Approach

Historical and paleolimnological studies have demonstrated that environmental changes in the North Pacific can strongly affect sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) abundances. Whether these marine shifts would be influential on sockeye salmon from all lake types, however, has not yet been studied. This study represents the first paleolimnological analysis of past sockeye salmon population dynamics in a stained nursery lake (Packers Lake, Alaska). We adopted a multiproxy approach to determine whether salmon-derived nutrients (inferred from δ15N) would be available for algal uptake (inferred from the diatom species responses) in this stained lake, as high concentrations of humics and iron are known to sequester phosphorus. The strong degree of coherency between δ15N and diatoms, however, suggests that salmon-derived nutrients were bioavailable and enhanced productivity. Overall, our indicators responded to changes in sockeye salmon abundances and volcanic ashfalls over the past ∼500 years. In a section of the core unaffected by tephras (AD ∼1770–1882), our record suggests that the number of sockeye salmon spawners fluctuated widely. Comparison of temporal shifts in inferred sockeye salmon abundances from Packers Lake with other clearwater nursery lakes reveals a broadly consistent pattern, likely influenced by past climatic changes.

Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2261-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Consaul ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
European Populations

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium, and P. scabrum) and to verify diploidy in the P. lapathifolium complex and polyploid origins of the morphologically similar P. persicaria and P. pensylvanicum. Of the 15 enzyme systems surveyed in 50 populations of the complex, only 3 of the 23 loci (Acon, Lap, and Skdh) were polymorphic in the North American populations and a total of 6 loci in European populations. Fifteen multilocus genotypes were evident in the complex. Four genotypes (all with Lap-10.67 were exclusive to North American populations of P. lapathifolium, providing support for a North American element of the complex. Nine genotypes (all with Lap-10.63) were found in North American and European populations of P. scabrum, all European populations of the P. lapathifolium complex, and three populations of North American P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium. Lap-10.67 was also found in the native tetraploid P. pensylvanicum, whereas Lap-10.63 was found in the introduced tetraploid P. persicaria. Genetic distances among populations did not support the current taxonomic divisions within the complex, nor did it support separate species status of P. scabrum. Allozyme data provided support for the allotetraploid origins of P. pensylvanicum and P. persicaria, with members of the P. lapathifolium complex as one of the parents of each. Key words: Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, allozymes.

Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): long-term consequences of global warming

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Welch ◽  
Y Ishida ◽  
K Nagasawa
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Ocean surveys show that extremely sharp thermal boundaries have limited the distribution of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas over the past 40 years. These limits are expressed as a step function, with the temperature defining the position of the thermal limit varying between months in an annual cycle. The sharpness of the edge, the different temperatures that define the position of the edge in different months of the year, and the subtle variations in temperature with area or decade for a given month probably all occur because temperature-dependent metabolic rates exceed energy intake from feeding over large regions of otherwise acceptable habitat in the North Pacific. At current rates of greenhouse gas emissions, predicted temperature increases under a doubled CO2 climate are large enough to shift the position of the thermal limits into the Bering Sea by the middle of the next century. Such an increase would potentially exclude sockeye salmon from the entire Pacific Ocean and severely restrict the overall area of the marine environment that would support growth.

Geotectonics of Cretaceous and Eocene plutons in British Columbia: a paleomagnetic fold test

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1246-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. A. Symons
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
North American Plate ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Coast Plutonic Complex ◽  
Skeena River

A total of 295 cores (590 specimens) were collected at 59 sites in the Coast plutonic complex along an E–W section southwest of Kitimat, British Columbia. The sites represent the Ponder, Alastair Lake, and Quottoon plutons in the 40–50 Ma eastern K–Ar age zone and the Ecstall and Butedale plutons in the 64–80 Ma central age zone. After af demagnetization a stable remanent magnetization was isolated at 32 sites and these data were combined with available data from the Skeena River section about 100 km to the north. The remanence directions in sites from the NNW-trending north and south limbs of the Hawkesbury Warp provide a positive fold test when compared to the WNW-trending centre limb directions.In the Eocene eastern age zone the NNW limbs give a concordant pole position relative to the cratonic North American pole whereas the centre limb has undergone ≈ 50° of the counter-clockwise rotation and ≈ 10° of upward tilt of its western end to give a discordant pole. In the late Upper Cretaceous central age zone, the Ecstall–Butedale pluton was tilted 15° to the west on all limbs before the Eocene intrusion and Hawkesbury Warp deformation events to give a NNW-trend pole and WNW-trend pole diverging in opposite directions from the cratonic reference pole.The geologic field evidence from structural trends, from fault, fold, contact, and foliation attitudes, and from distribution of plutonic phases is consistent with the structural model. The regional geotectonic events are related to possible Cenozoic plate interactions on the western margin of the North American plate. This combination of concordant and discordant poles cannot be explained in terms of an excursion of the geomagnetic paleopole during intrusion, a large scale northward translation of the western Cordillera during the Cenozoic, or a combination of clockwise rotations and northward translations on the margin of the advancing North American plate. The fold test and polarity reversal pattern indicate that all plutons acquired a primary thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) during cooling and probably within ≈ 1 Ma after emplacement.

Variants of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Sera of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Hodgins ◽  
W. E. Ames ◽  
F. M. Utter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Three phenotypes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes were found in sera of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), presumably representing B′B′, B′B, and BB genotypes. No association was obvious between LDH phenotype of sera and sex or total body length.Of 1006 sera from Asian, Bristol Bay, and Gulf of Alaska stocks, 826 were B′B′ and 180 were B′B or BB. Of 591 sera from Washington and British Columbia stocks, 589 were B′B′ and 2 were B′B; both of the B-allele phenotypes were found in fish captured at the Skeena River in northern British Columbia. These findings suggested that LDH isozymes should be useful in studies on ocean distribution of sockeye salmon and in characterizing certain Asian and Alaskan sockeye salmon populations.

Age-specific effects of sockeye abundance on adult body size of selected British Columbia sockeye stocks

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skip McKinnell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
Skeena River ◽  
The North Pacific

Annual mean body lengths of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) covary systematically from year to year in major northern and central British Columbia stocks (Nass River, Skeena River, and Rivers Inlet). These positive correlations are greatest between sexes within rivers, followed by age-classes among rivers. A common factor or factors affecting sockeye length in the North Pacific Ocean is suggested. The mean length of age 1.3 sockeye salmon but not age 1.2 sockeye caught annually in these B.C. fisheries was negatively correlated with the magnitude of Bristol Bay (western Alaska) sockeye catches. During the spring of maturation, age 1.3 sockeye from these B.C. stocks were further from their natal streams, and likely subject to more intense competition with Bristol Bay sockeye than age 1.2 sockeye. The pattern of annual marine growth measured from Skeena River sockeye scales collected during the 1960s provides additional evidence that the length of age 1.3 sockeye was related to Bristol Bay sockeye abundance in the year of maturation. No such correlation was evident in scales collected from age 1.2 sockeye. These results suggest that sockeye populations have more systematic distributions in the North Pacific Ocean than has been previously reported.

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