SPEECH PORTRAIT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH, SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST IN A BILINGUAL CONTEXT

Современные процессы глобализации ускоряют угрозу исчезновения языков коренных малочисленных народов Севера. В сегодняшних условиях активного развития би- и полилингвизма проблема сохранения и развития исчезающих языков северных народов особенно актуальна. В этих реалиях необходимо использовать благоприятные возможности владения двумя и более языками. В статье представлено описание фрагмента коллективного речевого портрета детей в контексте дву- и полиязычия. Теоретико-методологической основой исследования послужили работы ученых-лингвистов, посвященные проблемам речевого портрета, языковой личности. Материалом послужили результаты исследований, проведенных в 3 регионах Российской Федерации, где проживают представители коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока: эвены, эвенки, долганы, ненцы, ханты, селькупы и др. Всего исследованием было охвачено 253 респондента, представляющие три группы: учащиеся, учителя и родители. При создании фрагмента речевого портрета выявлены социокультурные, социолингвистические, психологические, этнолингвистические факторы, влияющие на развитие устной и письменной речи детей. Проведен анализ аудиозаписей устной речи (диалогические и монологические высказывания) и письменных работ. Для наиболее полного описания речевого портрета был использован комплексный подход с привлечением социально-психологических характеристик, описания речевых уровней владения устной и письменной речью (на материале использования различных синтаксических конструкций) и особенностей речевого общения в семье, школе, с друзьями. Выбор комплексного подхода обоснован тем, что он содействует представлению речевого портрета, отражающего уникальную картину детского речевого поведения в различных коммуникативных ситуациях. Modern processes of globalization are accelerating the threat of the disappearance of the languages of the indigenous peoples of the North. In today's conditions of active development of bi — and polylinguism, the problem of preserving and developing the endangered languages of the Northern peoples is particularly relevant. In these circumstances, it is necessary to take advantage of favorable opportunities for proficiency in two or more languages. The article describes a fragment of a collective speech portrait of children in the context of two — (poly)paganism. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of linguists devoted to the problems of speech portrait, language personality. The material is based on the results of research conducted in 3 regions of the Russian Federation where representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East live: Evens, Evenks, Dolgans, Nenets, Khanty, Selkups etc. A total of 253 respondents were included in the study, representing three groups: students, teachers, and parents. When creating a fragment of a speech portrait, sociocultural, sociolinguistic, psycho-logical, and ethnolinguistic factors affecting the development of children's oral and written speech were identified. The analysis of audio recordings of oral speech (dialogic and monological statements) and written works is carried out. For the most complete description of the speech portrait, an integrated approach was used involving socio-psychological characteristics, descriptions of speech levels of oral and written speech (based on the use of various syntactic constructions) and features of speech communication in the family, school, and with friends. The choice of an integrated approach is justified by the fact that it contributes to the presentation of a speech portrait that reflects a unique picture of children's speech behavior in various communicative situations.

Assessment of losses caused to the indigenous peoples of the North in the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory due to the diesel spill at TPP-3 in Norilsk

The authors consider the issues of assessment and compensation of losses caused to the indigenous peoples of the North due to the diesel spill on May 29, 2020 at TPP-3 in Norilsk. They carried out the assessment of these losses within the framework of the public ethnological expertize of the contamination consequences of the native habitat of indigenous peoples in the Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, initiated by the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation. According to the authors’ estimates, the amount of losses due to the impact of the diesel spill on traditional cropping, primarily on fisheries, will amount to 175.2 million in a lump sum. Compensation is due to 699 people from among the indigenous peoples of Taimyr, their tribal communities.

Urbanization of Russian cities in the context of migration processes

The article reveals the relationship between migration processes and the state of social and engineering infrastructure in the cities of modern Russia. It is noted that the continuing outflow of the population from the regions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East to the central and southern European parts of Russia creates very serious problems both for the cities where migrants move and for those places from where they leave. The necessity of a radical change in the migration and urban planning policy is substantiated.

On the identity and limits of Falsiformicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera, Vespoidea s.l.)

Falsiformicidae are found to belong to Vespoidea s.l. and not to Chrysidoidea because of sexually dimorphic antennae (12-segmented in female and 13-segmented in male) and permanently internalized female tergum 7. Eight described species in three genera are known in the family including five new species (Siccibythus oculatus sp. nov., S. pallidus sp. nov., S. martynovae sp. nov., S. ohmkuhnlei sp. nov., S. paulus sp. nov.) as well as a number of undescribed ones, all from mid-Cretaceous ambers (mostly of Kachin in Myanmar but also of Charente in France and Agapa in North Siberia). Phylogenetic affinities of Falsiformicidae within Vespoidea are left to be clarified, and biology of this family is enigmatic yet.

Mining and Indigenous Peoples of the North: Assessment and Development Prospects

The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.