Symbolic dynamics of fully developed chaos III. Infinite-memory sequences and phase transitions

1992 ◽  
Vol 186 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kluiving ◽  
H.W. Capel ◽  
R.A. Pasmanter
1992 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 96-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kluiving ◽  
H.W. Capel ◽  
R.A. Pasmanter

1992 ◽  
Vol 183 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kluiving ◽  
H.W. Capel ◽  
R.A. Pasmanter

Author(s):  
G. Timp ◽  
L. Salamanca-Riba ◽  
L.W. Hobbs ◽  
G. Dresselhaus ◽  
M.S. Dresselhaus

Electron microscopy can be used to study structures and phase transitions occurring in graphite intercalations compounds. The fundamental symmetry in graphite intercalation compounds is the staging periodicity whereby each intercalate layer is separated by n graphite layers, n denoting the stage index. The currently accepted model for intercalation proposed by Herold and Daumas assumes that the sample contains equal amounts of intercalant between any two graphite layers and staged regions are confined to domains. Specifically, in a stage 2 compound, the Herold-Daumas domain wall model predicts a pleated lattice plane structure.


Author(s):  
Oleg Bostanjoglo ◽  
Peter Thomsen-Schmidt

Thin GexTe1-x (x = 0.15-0.8) were studied as a model substance of a composite semiconductor film, in addition being of interest for optical storage material. Two complementary modes of time-resolved TEM were used to trace the phase transitions, induced by an attached Q-switched (50 ns FWHM) and frequency doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser. The laser radiation was focused onto the specimen within the TEM to a 20 μm spot (FWHM). Discrete intermediate states were visualized by short-exposure time doubleframe imaging /1,2/. The full history of a transformation was gained by tracking the electron image intensity with photomultiplier and storage oscilloscopes (space/time resolution 100 nm/3 ns) /3/. In order to avoid radiation damage by the probing electron beam to detector and specimen, the beam is pulsed in this continuous mode of time-resolved TEM,too.Short events ( <2 μs) are followed by illuminating with an extended single electron pulse (fig. 1c)


Author(s):  
Rohan Abeyaratne ◽  
James K. Knowles
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Lorenza Saitta ◽  
Attilio Giordana ◽  
Antoine Cornuejols

Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Martínez ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.


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