Algebraic properties of SU(4) ⊗ SU(4) symmetry breaking

The probabilistic algorithms are widely applied in designing computational applications such as distributed systems and probabilistic databases, to determine distributed consensus in the presence of random failures of nodes or networks. In distributed computing, symmetry breaking is performed by employing probabilistic algorithms. In general, probabilistic symmetry breaking without any bias is preferred. Thus, the designing of randomized and probabilistic algorithms requires modeling of associated probability spaces to generate control-inputs. It is required that discrete measures in such spaces are computable and tractable in nature. This paper proposes the construction of composite discrete measures in real as well as complex metric spaces. The measures are constructed on different varieties of continuous smooth curves having distinctive non-linear profiles. The compositions of discrete measures consider arbitrary functions within metric spaces. The measures are constructed on 1-D interval and 2-D surfaces and, the corresponding probability metric product is defined. The associated sigma algebraic properties are formulated. The condensation measure of the uniform contraction map is constructed as axioms. The computational evaluations of the proposed composite set of measures are presented.

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ON THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE OVERLAP IN SPIN GLASSES

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979204024355 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (04n05) ◽

pp. 733-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GIORGIO PARISI

Keyword(s):

Probability Distribution ◽

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Spin Glasses ◽

Replica Symmetry ◽

Replica Symmetry Breaking ◽

Rigorous Approach ◽

Algebraic Properties ◽

Replica Approach

In this paper we review the predictions of the replica approach on the probability distribution of the overlaps among replicas and on the sample to sample fluctuations of this probability. We stress the role of replica equivalence in obtaining relations that do not depend on the form of replica symmetry breaking. A comparison is done with the results obtained with a different rigorous approach. The role of the ultrametricity and of other algebraic properties in discussed.

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Symmetry breaking in convergent-beam diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100154378 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

D.J. Eaglesham

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Point Group ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Multiple Diffraction ◽

Space Groups ◽

Atomic Displacements ◽

Small Probe ◽

Phase Sensitive ◽

Convergent Beam

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction is now almost routinely used in the determination of the point- and space-groups of crystalline samples. In addition to its small-probe capability, CBED is also postulated to be more sensitive than X-ray diffraction in determining crystal symmetries. Multiple diffraction is phase-sensitive, so that the distinction between centro- and non-centro-symmetric space groups should be trivial in CBED: in addition, the stronger scattering of electrons may give a general increase in sensitivity to small atomic displacements. However, the sensitivity of CBED symmetry to the crystal point group has rarely been quantified, and CBED is also subject to symmetry-breaking due to local strains and inhomogeneities. The purpose of this paper is to classify the various types of symmetry-breaking, present calculations of the sensitivity, and illustrate symmetry-breaking by surface strains.CBED symmetry determinations usually proceed by determining the diffraction group along various zone axes, and hence finding the point group. The diffraction group can be found using either the intensity distribution in the discs

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Centrosome Aurora A gradient ensures single polarity axis in C. elegans embryos

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20200298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1243-1253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sukriti Kapoor ◽

Sachin Kotak

Keyword(s):

Symmetry Breaking ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Cell Cortex ◽

Axis Formation ◽

Aurora A Kinase ◽

Aurora A ◽

C Elegans ◽

Cell Embryo ◽

Polarity Establishment

Cellular asymmetries are vital for generating cell fate diversity during development and in stem cells. In the newly fertilized Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, centrosomes are responsible for polarity establishment, i.e. anterior–posterior body axis formation. The signal for polarity originates from the centrosomes and is transmitted to the cell cortex, where it disassembles the actomyosin network. This event leads to symmetry breaking and the establishment of distinct domains of evolutionarily conserved PAR proteins. However, the identity of an essential component that localizes to the centrosomes and promotes symmetry breaking was unknown. Recent work has uncovered that the loss of Aurora A kinase (AIR-1 in C. elegans and hereafter referred to as Aurora A) in the one-cell embryo disrupts stereotypical actomyosin-based cortical flows that occur at the time of polarity establishment. This misregulation of actomyosin flow dynamics results in the occurrence of two polarity axes. Notably, the role of Aurora A in ensuring a single polarity axis is independent of its well-established function in centrosome maturation. The mechanism by which Aurora A directs symmetry breaking is likely through direct regulation of Rho-dependent contractility. In this mini-review, we will discuss the unconventional role of Aurora A kinase in polarity establishment in C. elegans embryos and propose a refined model of centrosome-dependent symmetry breaking.

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