Formal and informal credit markets for agricultural development in developing countries — The example of Pakistan

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Manig
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Informal Credit

scholarly journals SME credit constraints and access to informal credit markets in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Archer ◽  
Parmendra Sharma ◽  
Jen-Je Su
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Informal Credit ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Correlated Random Effects

PurposeA review of literature has documented that accessing formal credit and other banking services has always been a crucial challenge for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The alternative, therefore, tends to be informal channels. However, the credit constraint vis-à-vis informal channel link does not appear to be well documented in the literature. This study aims to investigate whether credit constraints significantly affect the probability of accessing informal credit, as well as the credit values of Vietnamese SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a trinary approach and correlated random-effects Probit and Tobit techniques to avoid the incidental coefficients problem.FindingsThe results suggest that relative to unconstrained and partially constrained firms, fully constrained firms tend to be more active in the informal credit markets, shown by their higher probability of informal credit access and larger credit values.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on Vietnam that takes a different approach to credit constraints and examines their impact on informal credit access. Policy implications arise and are discussed.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2017-0543

scholarly journals Parish banking in informal credit markets: the business of private lending in early nineteenth-century Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Informal Credit ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Private Lending ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Intimate Knowledge

This study demonstrates the existence of a private, informal and lively credit market in rural Sweden during the 1840s, a period that predates the development of a modern banking system. The market, mainly based on private promissory notes, was concentrated in the hands of a limited number of wealthy farmers who specialized in lending, They facilitated access to credit to well-off farmers, regardless of whether they owned their farms or leased taxed land. By using information from probate inventories, the article analyses the wealth portfolio and characteristics of the lending business of the largest creditors (‘parish bankers’) in a judicial district of southern Sweden in 1841–5. The heart and soul of their business was an intimate knowledge of borrowers’ creditworthiness and mutual trust, as typical of local credit networks. The article also explores the existence of an intergenerational transmission of parish banking business – a dimension of private lending that opens an original path of research on local credit markets in early modern Europe.

scholarly journals Gender and Agricultural Practice in Developing Countries: Literature Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Bukola Chete
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
And Gender

Aims: This paper reviews the body of evidence on gender and agriculture and gender and enterprise (including farm enterprise) development in developing countries. Results: The resurgence of interest on the influence of gender and its subsequent mainstreaming into social and economic programmes and in particular, agricultural policy and practice, is largely a development of the 1990s and beyond. The extant body of literature on gender and agriculture is dominated by the liberal feminist construction that women are the disadvantaged group regarding resources such as time, assets (particularly land and credit) and household burden,Agricultural development would be facilitated if both men and women have equal access to resources for use in agricultural work. Conclusion: There is no unique pathway for bringing this about nor are there singular notions of success. Indeed, gender issues should be integrated into the agricultural enterprise from the beginning on the back of broad-based needs assessment schemes. Recommendation: The range of gender issues requiring intervention should include progressive identification and systematic dismantling of socio-cultural, ideological, institutional and legal barriers to equal participation of men and women in agricultural enterprise, orientating and skilling extension workers on gender issues and developing women and men cadre in extension services to cater to the specific needs of each gender and creating equal opportunities in education, employment and politics taking account of the realities of both gender.

Collaborative Consumption as a Tool for Agricultural Expansion in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Abubakar U. Benna
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Collaborative Consumption ◽  
Medium Scale

Collaborative consumption is a broader term encompassing emerging areas, such as crowdfunding and the sharing economy, which enhance consumer enablement through direct interaction. This chapter addresses opportunities and challenges of how to support small- and medium-scale farmers in developing countries. Traditional agriculture, as well as urban agriculture, is rising with the significant urbanization that is occurring in developing economies. There is currently limited research on the value of collaborative consumption as a catalyst for agricultural development. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how collaborative consumption in agriculture can be supported. The study is conducted based on the review of literature and case studies related to both agriculture and collaborative consumption. A few key observations are provided in order to assist with the formulation of strategies that increase producer and customer satisfaction, value addition, and engagement.

The Role of Agriculture in the Development Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Poverty Status

Agriculture plays the role of providing employment, income, food, raw materials, and foreign exchange earnings for people. The ability and the inability of agriculture in playing the provisioning roles, in varying degrees, define the poverty status of those engaged in it. It is a paradox that a majority of those who are engaged in agriculture, especially in developing countries, tend to be associated with such poverty-linked characteristics as low income, hunger, deprivation, and vulnerabilities. There is therefore the need to refocus on defining the concept of agriculture with a view to bringing out its role in the development process and how the roles can be effectively achieved by the majority of those engaged in it. The objectives of the chapter include describing the expected roles of agriculture in the development process; highlighting the performance of the agriculture sector; describing the role of agricultural credit in agricultural development; defining the concept of extreme poverty; highlighting some of the strength and weaknesses of incometrics, highlighting vulnerability views of poverty; discussing measurement of extreme poverty; and highlighting feminization of formal agricultural finance. The chapter concludes with recommendations. The methodology is based on systematic reviews of relevant literature. The findings include how agriculture can play the roles expected of it and effectively empower those who are engaged in it. The chapter shares the view that majority of those engaged in agriculture in most developing countries are women, and that poverty has a feminine face and so advances the feminization of formal agricultural finance interventions. The chapter is concluded with relevant recommendations.

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