Ablation effects of dorsal and ventral parts of area TE on visual recognition memory tasks in monkeys

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Shigeya Yaginuma
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
Area Te

Development and plasticity of the neural circuitry underlying visual recognition memory

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maree J. Webster ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider ◽  
Jocelyne Bachevalier
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
Area Te

In adult monkeys, visual recognition memory, as measured by the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task, requires the interaction between inferior temporal cortical area TE and medial temporal lobe structures (mainly the entorhinal and perirhinal cortical areas). Ontogenetically, monkeys do not perform at adult levels of proficiency on the DNMS task until 2 years of age. Recent studies have demonstrated that this protracted development of visual recognition memory is due to an immaturity of the association areas of the neocortex rather than the medial temporal lobe. For example, lesions of the medial temporal lobe structures in infancy or in adulthood yield profound and permanent visual recognition loss, indicating that the medial temporal lobe structures operate early in life to sustain visual memory. In contrast, early lesions of area TE, unlike late lesions, result in a significant and long-lasting sparing of visual memory ability. Further evidence for neocortical immaturity is provided by studies of the development of opiatergic and cholinergic receptors, of the maturation of metabolic activity, and of the connectivity between inferior temporal areas TE and TEO and cortical and subcortical structures. Together these results indicate greater compensatory potential after neonatal cortical than after neonatal medial temporal removals. In support of this view, early damage to area TE leads to the maintenance of normally transient projections as well as to reorganization in cortical areas outside the temporal lobe. In addition, lesion studies indicate that, during infancy, visual recognition functions are widely distributed throughout many visual association areas but, with maturation, these functions become localized to area TE. Thus, the maintenance of exuberant projections together with reorganization in other cortical areas of the brain could account for the preservation of visual memories in monkeys that have had area TE removed in infancy.Key words: limbic structures, association cortex, amygdala, transient connections, compensatory potential.

Neurotoxic lesions of perirhinal cortex impair visual recognition memory in rhesus monkeys

Neuroreport ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludisue M??lkov?? ◽  
Jocelyne Bachevalier ◽  
Mortimer Mishkin ◽  
Richard C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
Neurotoxic Lesions

Visual recognition memory and developmental outcomes of cocaine-exposed and non-exposed infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Lynn T. Singer ◽  
Robert Arendt ◽  
Sonia Minnes ◽  
Ann Salvator ◽  
Joanne Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory

Mnemonic firing of neurons in the monkey temporal pole during a visual recognition memory task

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
K. Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Recognition Memory Task ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Pole

1. We examined single-neuronal activity in the temporal pole of monkeys, including the anterior ventromedial temporal (VMT) cortex (the temporopolar cortex, area 36, area 35, and the entorhinal cortex) and the anterior inferotemporal (IT) cortex, during a visual recognition memory task. In the task, a trial began when the monkey pressed a lever. After a waiting period, a visual sample stimulus (S) was presented one to four times on a monitor with an interstimulus delay. Thereafter, a new stimulus (R) was presented. The monkeys were trained to remember S during the delay period and to release the lever in response to R. Colored photographs of natural objects were used as visual stimuli. 2. About 70% of the recorded neurons (225 of 311) responded to at least one of the Ss tested. Thirty percent of these neurons (68 of 225) continued to fire during the subsequent delay periods. In 75% of these neurons (51 of 68), the firing during the delay period strongly correlated with the response to S. 3. The discharge rate during the delay period did not correlate with the monkey's eye movements, pressing or releasing of the lever, or the reaction time. 4. If the monkey erroneously released the lever in response to S or during the delay period, the firing disappeared after the erroneous lever release. If the monkey failed to release the lever in response to R, the firing persisted even after R was withdrawn. The discharge rate in incorrect trials was comparable with that in correct trials. The neurons were considered to fire for as long as the memory of S was necessary. 5. Firing persisted even when an achromatic version or half (even a portion) of S was presented, indicating that the color, a particular portion, or the entire shape of S was not always necessary to elicit firing. 6. An S that elicited firing during the delay period invariably elicited a visual response. Neurons that fired during the delay period showed a higher stimulus selectivity than other visually responsive neurons in the anterior VMT cortex. Thus neurons that fire during the delay period represent a subgroup of visually responsive neurons that are selectively tuned to a certain stimulus. 7. More neurons fired during the delay period in the anterior VMT cortex than in the anterior IT cortex. 8. We conclude that firing during the delay period by neurons in the temporal pole reflects the short-term storage of visual information regarding a particular S.

Neurocognitive deficits in decision-making and planning of patients with DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BAZANIS ◽  
R. D. ROGERS ◽  
J. H. DOWSON ◽  
P. TAYLOR ◽  
C. MEUX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Visual Recognition Memory ◽  
History Of

Background. Repeated, self-damaging behaviour occurring in the context of borderline personality disorder (BPD) may reflect impairments in decision-making and planning cognition. However, there has been no systematic neuropsychological examination of these particular cognitive functions in patients diagnosed with BPD. Such investigations may improve our understanding of the possible role of brain dysfunction in BPD and improve the characterization of the psychological difficulties associated with this disorder.Method. Forty-two psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of DSM-III-R BPD (41 of whom gave a history of self-harm), without a history of specified ‘psychoses’ or current major affective disorder, were clinically assessed before completing computerized tasks of decision-making and planning previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction, and tests of spatial and pattern visual recognition memory previously shown to be sensitive to frontal lobe damage and temporal lobe damage respectively. The performance of the BPD patient group was compared with that of a non-clinical control group consisting of 42 subjects.Results. The performance of the BPD patients on the decision-making task was characterized by a pattern of delayed and maladaptive choices when choosing between competing actions, and by impulsive, disinhibited responding when gambling on the outcome of their decisions. BPD patients also showed impairments on the planning task. There was no evidence of impaired visual recognition memory. Additional analyses suggested only limited effects of current medication and history of previous substance use disorder.Conclusions. These findings suggest that BPD is associated with complex impairments in dissociable cognitive processes mediated by circuitry encompassing the frontal lobes. These impairments may mediate some of the behavioural changes evident in BPD. Further work is needed to examine the specificity of these findings.

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