Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia: Meta-analyses of initial randomized control trials

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane C. Ballantyne ◽  
Daniel B. Carr ◽  
Thomas C. Chalmers ◽  
Keith B.G. Dear ◽  
Italo F. Angelillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Patient Controlled Analgesia ◽  
Postoperative Patient ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Meta Analyses

Problem-Solving Therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Kropf ◽  
Sherry M. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Coping

Chapter 6, “Problem-Solving Therapy: Evidence-Based Practice,” details the research evidence concerning the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy (PST) for use with older adults. Only meta-analyses or randomized control trials (RCT) were included in this review. One meta-analysis and fifteen randomized control trials were identified that investigated PST outcomes on older adult depression, health-related quality of life, and coping. Outcomes of these studies determined that this therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing problem-solving abilities in both community-based and in-home settings. Additionally, consistent support was found for the efficacy of telephone and video-phone PST, suggesting that these alternate means of administration may help overcome barriers to the receipt of mental health services experienced by homebound elders.

Honey as a Treatment in Otorhinolaryngology: A Review by Subspecialty

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Tharakan ◽  
John Bent ◽  
Raluca Tavaluc
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: To provide an up-to-date review of honey’s effectiveness and potential applications in otorhinolaryngology. Methods: A literature search of the online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted. Results: Sixty-three studies were identified within head and neck surgery (n = 23, 36%); pediatric otolaryngology (n = 18, 29%); rhinology, sinus, and skull base surgery (n = 11, 17%); otology (n = 6, 10%), facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (n = 3, 5%); and laryngology (n = 2, 3%). Studies included 6 meta-analyses, 44 randomized control trials, 5 case reports, and 8 animal models or in vitro studies. Of 55 clinical studies, 50 reported Level 1 evidence (prospective randomized control trials), and 5 reported Level 4 evidence (case series). The evidence level by subspecialty was: head and neck surgery (Level 1 n = 23), pediatrics (Level 1 n = 18), rhinology (Level 1 n = 7, level 4 n = 1), otology (Level 1 n = 1, Level 4 n = 3), facial plastics and reconstructive surgery (Level 4 n = 1), and laryngology (Level 1 n = 2). Conclusions: Honey can be used for a variety of otolaryngology conditions. The highest quality meta-analyses support oral honey for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients, cough associated with upper respiratory infection in children, and pain control after tonsillectomy. Further research will likely justify broader applications.

scholarly journals Systematic Differences in Effect Estimates Between Observational Studies and Randomized Control Trials in Meta-Analyses Combining Both Study Designs in Nephrology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Kimachi ◽  
Akira Onishi ◽  
Aran Tajika ◽  
Kimihiko Kimachi ◽  
Toshi Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract The limited availability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in nephrology undermines causal inferences in meta-analyses. Systematic reviews of observational studies have grown more common under such circumstances. We conducted systematic reviews of all comparative observational studies in nephrology from 2006 to 2016 to assess the trends in the past decade. We then focused on the meta-analyses combining observational studies and RCTs to evaluate the systematic differences in effect estimates between study designs using two statistical methods: by estimating the ratio of odds ratios (ROR) of the pooled OR obtained from observational studies versus those from RCTs and by examining the discrepancies in their statistical significance. The number of systematic reviews of observational studies in nephrology had grown by 11.7-fold in the past decade. Among 56 records combining observational studies and RCTs, ROR suggested that the estimates between study designs agreed well (ROR: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.90-1.23). However, almost half of the reviews led to discrepant interpretations in terms of statistical significance. In conclusion, the findings based on ROR might encourage researchers to justify the inclusion of observational studies in meta-analyses. However, caution is needed as the interpretations based on statistical significance were less concordant than those based on ROR.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision of Fixed and Random Effects in Meta-Analyses of Randomized Control Trials for Continuous Outcomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

Meta-analyses of treatment effects in randomized control trials are often faced with the problem of missing information required to calculate effect sizes and their sampling variances. Particularly, correlations between pre- and posttest scores are frequently not available. As an ad-hoc solution, researchers impute a constant value for the missing correlation. As an alternative, we propose adopting a multivariate meta-regression approach that models independent group effect sizes and accounts for the dependency structure using robust variance estimation or three-level modeling. A comprehensive simulation study mimicking realistic conditions of meta-analyses in clinical and educational psychology suggested that the prevalent imputation approach works well for estimating the pooled effect but severely distorts the between-study heterogeneity. In contrast, the robust meta-regression approach resulted in largely unbiased fixed and random effects. Based on these results recommendations for meta-analytic practice and future meta-analytic developments are provided.

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