IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION BY FLUORESCENCE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF 5HT NERVE TERMINALS IN THE CEREBRAL ARTERIES AND CAPILLARIES OF YOUNG CHICK

Abstracts ◽  
1978 ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
G. Delbarre ◽  
B. Delbarre
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Fluorescence Histochemistry ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Young Chick

scholarly journals Sympathetic nerve terminals in the tunica media of human superficial temporal and middle cerebral arteries: wet histofluorescence.

Stroke ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Akiguchi ◽  
H Fukuyama ◽  
M Kameyama ◽  
T Koyama ◽  
H Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries

Statins prevent cholinesterase inhibitor blockade of sympathetic α7-nAChR-mediated currents in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. H1737-H1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Mozayan ◽  
Tony J. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Α7 Nachr ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Statins are reported to be beneficial in treating a multitude of disorders including dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) with varying, yet-to-be determined mechanisms of actions. Although cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are still recommended as the primary drug of choice for AD and related diseases, their efficacy is frequently questioned. We recently reported that α7-neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (α7-nAChR)-mediated neurogenic vasodilation of porcine cerebral arteries was blocked by ChEIs, and this blockade was prevented by statin pretreatment. The exact mechanism of interaction between ChEIs and statins remains unclear. Activation of α7-nAChRs located on perivascular postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals releases norepinephrine, which then acts on presynaptic β2-adrenoceptors located on neighboring nitrergic nerve terminals, resulting in nitric oxide release and vasodilation. The present study, therefore, was designed to determine whether interaction of ChEIs and statins occurs at the α7-nAChR level. We examined effects of concurrent application of ChEIs and statins on α7-nAChR-mediated inward currents in primary neuronal cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion cells, the origin of the perivascular sympathetic innervation to the cerebral arteries. The results indicated that physostigmine, neostigmine, and galantamine inhibited choline- and nicotine-induced whole cell currents in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibition, which was noncompetitive in nature, was prevented by concurrent application of mevastatin and lovastatin in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that statins protect α7-nAChR function directly at the receptor level. Since α7-nAChR is neuroprotective, having beneficial effects on memory and cerebral vascular function, its functional inhibition by ChEIs may explain in part the limitation of its effectiveness in AD and VaD therapy. Protection of α7-nAChR function from ChEI inhibition by concurrent administration of statins may provide an alternative strategy in improving the efficacy of AD and VaD therapy.

Cholinergic prejunctional inhibition of vasodilator nerve function in bovine basilar arteries

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. H983-H986 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Toda ◽  
K. Ayajiki
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Transmural Stimulation ◽  
Relaxant Response ◽  
Basilar Arteries ◽  
Prejunctional Inhibition

Helical strips of bovine basilar arteries responded to transmural electrical stimulation with moderate relaxations that were abolished by treatment with tetrodotoxin and oxyhemoglobin and were significantly attenuated by quinidine, as were the relaxations previously seen in dog and monkey cerebral arteries. The relaxant response of the bovine arteries was attenuated by treatment with acetylcholine and physostigmine and was significantly potentiated by atropine. In contrast, relaxations of dog coronary arteries to transmural stimulation, mediated via beta-adrenoceptors, were not influenced by physostigmine and atropine but were attenuated by acetylcholine. Abundant fibers containing cholinesterase were histologically demonstrated in bovine basilar arteries, suggesting the presence of cholinergic innervation. Acetylcholine liberated from the cholinergic nerve appears to act on muscarinic receptors located in vasodilator nerve terminals in bovine cerebral arteries and to interfere with the release of vasodilator transmitters.

scholarly journals Peptidergic Innervation in the Cerebral Blood Vessels of the Guinea Pig: An Immunohistochemical Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Nakakita
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cerebral Veins ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers containing substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cerebral arteries and veins of the guinea pig was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. The ultrastructure of these immunoreactive nerve terminals was also compared. The cerebral arteries were innervated by abundant peptidergic nerve fibers with characteristic running patterns, i.e., SP fibers in a meshwork, VIP and NPY fibers in a spiral fashion. Only CGRP fibers showed both meshwork and spiral patterns. In the cerebral veins, the abundant SP fibers innervated the cortical veins, deep cerebral veins, and dural sinuses. However, CGRP, VIP, and NPY fibers in extremely low density were noted merely in the cortical veins. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that SP-immunoreactive nerve terminals existed apart from the arterial smooth muscle cells, while VIP- and NPY-immunoreactive nerve terminals adjoined them. As for CGRP nerve terminals, some existed close to the arterial smooth muscle cells, and others were found some distance from them. These morphological characteristics observed by light and electron microscopy suggest that SP fibers are not related directly to the vasomotor function, but VIP and NPY fibers are, and that CGRP fibers have a more complicated function. The distribution patterns of the peptidergic nerve fibers are consistent with the suggestion that vasomotor peptidergic fibers may function actively on cerebral arteries and passively on cerebral veins and that SP fibers regarded as sensory fibers may provide information regarding cerebral vascular conditions, innervating every part of both cerebral arteries and veins.

Moderate hypoglycemia induces ultrastructural changes in perivascular nerve terminals of cat cerebral arteries

1991 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Isozumi ◽  
Yasuo Fukuuchi ◽  
Atsuo Koto ◽  
Norihiro Suzuki ◽  
Yoshio Izumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Nerve Terminals

Computer-Assisted Analysis of Multi-Color Confocal Microscopic Datasets: Automated Light Microscopic Discrimination of Synaptic Relationships

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
M Wessendorf ◽  
A Beuning ◽  
D Cameron ◽  
J Williams ◽  
C Knox
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Neuronal Somata ◽  
Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Assisted Analysis

Multi-color confocal scanning-laser microscopy (CSLM) allows examination of the relationships between neuronal somata and the nerve fibers surrounding them at sub-micron resolution in x,y, and z. Given these properties, it should be possible to use multi-color CSLM to identify relationships that might be synapses and eliminate those that are clearly too distant to be synapses. In previous studies of this type, pairs of images (e.g., red and green images for tissue stained with rhodamine and fluorescein) have been merged and examined for nerve terminals that appose a stained cell (see, for instance, Mason et al.). The above method suffers from two disadvantages, though. First, although it is possible to recognize appositions in which the varicosity abuts the cell in the x or y axes, it is more difficult to recognize them if the apposition is oriented at all in the z-axis—e.g., if the varicosity lies above or below the neuron rather than next to it. Second, using this method to identify potential appositions over an entire cell is time-consuming and tedious.

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