CHARACTERISATION OF THYROID AUTOANTIBODY SYNTHESIZING CELLS IN GRAVES' & HASHIMOTO'S DISEASES

Abstract.The relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and vitamin D has been demonstrated in several studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vitamin D concentrations in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the effect of vitamin D therapy on the course of disease, and to determine changes in thyroid autoantibody status and cardiovascular risk after vitamin D therapy. We included 75 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 43 healthy individuals. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D3) concentration less than 20ng/mL. Vitamin D deficient patients were given 50.000 units of 25(OH)D3 weekly for eight weeks in accordance with the Endocrine Society guidelines. All evaluations were repeated after 2 months of treatment. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had significantly lower vitamin D concentrations compared with the controls (9.37±0.69 ng/mL vs 11.95±1.01 ng/mL, p < 0.05, respectively). Thyroid autoantibodies were significantly decreased by vitamin D replacement treatment in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Also, HDL cholesterol concentrations improved in the euthyroid Hashimoto group after treatment. The mean free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were 0.89±0.02 ng/dL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 1.07±0.03 ng/dL in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). The mean thyroid volumes were 7.71±0.44 mL in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 5.46±0.63 mL in the healthy control group (p < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and treatment of patients with this condition with Vitamin D may slow down the course of development of hypothyroidism and also decrease cardiovascular risks in these patients. Vitamin D measurement and replacement may be critical in these patients.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women Using Automated Immunoassays

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/hvab009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K Aaron Geno ◽

Matthew S Reed ◽

Mark A Cervinski ◽

Robert D Nerenz

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Equilibrium Dialysis ◽

Reference Interval ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Free Thyroxine ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Automated free thyroxine (FT4) immunoassays are widely available, but professional guidelines discourage their use in pregnant women due to theoretical under-recoveries attributed to increased thyroid hormone binding capacity and instead advocate the use of total T4 (TT4) or free thyroxine index (FTI). The impact of this recommendation on the classification of thyroid status in apparently euthyroid pregnant patients was evaluated. Methods After excluding specimens with thyroid autoantibody concentrations above reference limits, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), FT4, TT4, and T-uptake were measured on the Roche Cobas® platform in remnant clinical specimens from at least 147 nonpregnant women of childbearing age and pregnant women at each trimester. Split-sample comparisons of FT4 as measured by the Cobas and equilibrium dialysis were performed. Results FT4 decreased with advancing gestational age by both immunoassay and equilibrium dialysis. TSH declined during the first trimester, remained constant in the second, and increased throughout the third, peaking just before delivery. Interpretation of TT4 concentrations using 1.5-times the nonpregnant reference interval classified 13.6% of first trimester specimens below the lower reference limit despite TSH concentrations within trimester-specific reference intervals. Five FTI results from 480 pregnant individuals (about 1.0%) fell outside the manufacturer’s reference interval. Conclusions Indirect FT4 immunoassay results interpreted in the context of trimester-specific reference intervals provide a practical and viable alternative to TT4 or FTI. Declining FT4 and increasing TSH concentrations near term suggest that declining FT4 is not an analytical artifact but represents a true physiological change in preparation for labor and delivery.

Download Full-text

Determinants of thyroid autoantibody production in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1586/1744666x.3.2.217 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katja Zaletel

Keyword(s):

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Autoantibody Production ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody

Download Full-text

Salivary gland function in women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis without xerostomia and the correlation with auto-thyroid antibodies

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/a-1204-9748 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-an Pang ◽

Zhi-xiao Wei ◽

Jun-hong Li ◽

Xiao-qi Pang

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody ◽

Submandibular Glands ◽

Quantitative Parameters ◽

Salivary Function

Abstract Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) may cause salivary dysfunction in patients resulting in xerostomia, but little is known about changes in salivary function in patients with no obvious dry mouth symptoms. In this study we assessed salivary function in women with HT, who had not experienced xerostomia and, for the first time, evaluated the effects of thyroid auto-antibodies on this function. Methods Sixty consecutive subjects were included, comprising 32 women (mean age, 36 ± 12 years) diagnosed with HT accompanied by differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in the study group (HT group), along with a control group (DTC group) of 28 women (mean age, 40 ± 12 years) diagnosed with DTC only. Salivary gland scintigraphy was used to assess salivary function with the semi-quantitative parameters of maximum absorption ratio and maximum secretion ratio, the decrease of which indicate impaired salivary function. Moreover, the HT and DTC groups were divided into four subgroups (Anti– HT, Anti+ HT, Anti– DTC, and Anti+ DTC), based on the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Finally, salivary gland semi-quantitative parameters were correlated with levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TGAb, and TPOAb in the HT and DTC groups. Results None of the semi-quantitative parameters examined in parotid or submandibular glands differed significantly between the HT and DTC groups. However, the maximum secretion ratio for the parotid and submandibular glands were significantly different in the subgroup comparison (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TgAb, TPOAb, and TSH values correlated significantly with salivary excretive function (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Women with HT without xerostomia may not have salivary functional impairment during hypothyroidism. Serum thyroid autoantibody and TSH levels may mainly influence salivary excretive function but not uptake function.

Download Full-text

Intrathecal Thyroid Autoantibody Synthesis in a Subgroup of Patients With Schizophreniform Syndromes

Journal of Neuropsychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.neuropsych.16110296 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 365-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dominique Endres ◽

Rick Dersch ◽

Benedikt Hochstuhl ◽

Bernd Fiebich ◽

Tilman Hottenrott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoantibody

Download Full-text

Evolution of thyroid autoimmunity during iodine prophylaxis--the Sri Lankan experience

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1490103 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

G Mazziotti ◽

LD Premawardhana ◽

AB Parkes ◽

H Adams ◽

PP Smyth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Thyroid Autoantibody ◽

Iodine Prophylaxis ◽

Goitre Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of thyroid autoimmunity, in relation to the change in goitre prevalence, during 3 Years of iodine prophylaxis in Sri Lanka. METHODS: Two groups of Sri Lankan schoolgirls between the ages of 10.8 and 17.5 Years were studied in 1998 (401 girls) and 2001 (282 girls). A prospective study was performed in 42 schoolgirls who were thyroid autoantibody (Ab)-positive (+ve) in 1998. Anthropometric measures, urinary iodine excretion (UIE), thyroid Volume, free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, TSH, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Ab were evaluated in all 683 girls. RESULTS: Goitre prevalence was significantly lower in 2001 compared with 1998 related to age (2.9% compared with 20.2%) and body surface area (11.6% compared with 40.8%), although UIE was unchanged. Prevalence of thyroid Ab in 2001 was also lower (23.4% compared with 49.9%); among those with the Ab, 34.8% had TgAb alone and 46.9% had a combination of TgAb+TPOAb, compared with 82.0% TgAb alone in 1998. In 2001, subclinical hypothyroidism was more frequent in Ab+ve (6.3%) than Ab-negative girls (1.0%). A cohort of 42 Ab+ve schoolgirls in 1998 (34 with TgAb alone, eight with TgAb+TPOAb) were evaluated again in 2001. Only 10 of them (23.8%) remained Ab+ve (mostly TPOAb+/-TgAb) in 2001. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that: (1) in 2001, goitre prevalence and thyroid autoimmunity rates were significantly lower than in 1998; (2) the pattern of thyroid Ab was different in the two surveys; (3) in 2001 alone, the occurrence of hypothyroidism was correlated with the presence of thyroid autoimmunity. These results indicate an evolution of thyroid autoimmune markers during the course of iodine prophylaxis, which has not been described before.

Download Full-text