Enteric Nervous System: Neural Circuits and Chemical Coding

2009 ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Chemical Coding

Neuroimmune signaling in regulation of intestinal ion transport

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. G167-G178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Selective Excitation ◽  
Response Threshold ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Intestinal Ion Transport

Complex interactions between the enteric nervous system, the immune system, and the epithelium govern the transport rates of salt and water across the intestinal lining. Luminal antigens or bacterial products are detected by the immune system, which triggers a cascade of events associated with the release of inflammatory mediators. These mediators, by lowering the response threshold for transmission in some neural circuits, augment ongoing neural reflexes that promote secretion. Associated with these effects is a dampening of responses in other neural circuits innervating the mucosal effectors. Selective excitation and inhibition of the neural reflex circuitry coupled with direct actions of inflammatory mediators on epithelial cells result in stereotypical motility and secretory patterns that are characterized by strong muscular contractions, copious secretion, and diarrhea.

scholarly journals Changes in Immunoreactivity of Sensory Substances within the Enteric Nervous System of the Porcine Stomach during Experimentally Induced Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Bulc ◽  
Katarzyna Palus ◽  
Jarosław Całka ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Submucosal Plexus ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Enteric Plexus ◽  
Clear Increase

One of the most frequently reported disorders associated with diabetes is gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance. Although pathogenesis of these complications is multifactorial, the complicity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in this respect has significant importance. Therefore, this paper analysed changes in substance P- (SP-), calcitonin gene-related peptide- (CGRP-), and leu5-enkephalin- (L-ENK-) like immunoreactivity (LI) in enteric stomach neurons caused by chemically induced diabetes in a porcine model. Using double immunofluorescent labelling, it was found that acute hyperglycaemia led to significant changes in the chemical coding of stomach enteric neurons. Generally, the response to artificially inducted diabetes depended on the “kind” of enteric plexus as well as the stomach region studied. A clear increase in the percentage of neurons immunoreactive to SP and CGRP was visible in the myenteric plexus (MP) in the antrum, corpus, and pylorus as well as in the submucosal plexus (SmP) in the corpus. For L-ENK, an increase in the number of L-ENK-LI neurons was observed in the MP of the antrum and SmP in the corpus, while in the MP of the corpus and pylorus, a decrease in the percentage of L-ENK-LI neurons was noted.

Distribution and chemical coding patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons in the enteric nervous system of the porcine stomach cardia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rękawek ◽  
P. Sobiech ◽  
S. Gonkowski ◽  
K. Żarczyńska ◽  
A. Snarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Labelling Immunofluorescence

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the presence of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) neurons and co-localisation of CART with vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and leu-enkephalin (LENK) in the enteric nervous system of the porcine gastric cardia by using a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. CART-LI neurons were observed in the myenteric plexus (18.2±2.6%). A dense network of CART-LI nerve fibers was mainly observed in the muscular layer. CART showed co-localization mainly with VAChT, n-NOS, VIP and to a lesser degree with LENK and SP. Distribution of CART and its co-localization with other neurotransmitters suggest that this peptide plays an important role in gastric motility in the pig.

Infection of the enteric nervous system by Borna disease virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A328-A328
Author(s):  
H PFANNKUCHE ◽  
J RICHT ◽  
M SCHEMANN ◽  
J SEEGER ◽  
G GAEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Borna Disease

Inhibitory effect of melatonin on nitric oxide synthase in rat enteric nervous system

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A176-A176
Author(s):  
P KOPPITZ ◽  
M STORR ◽  
D SAUR ◽  
M KURJAK ◽  
H ALLESCHER
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oxide Synthase
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