Peritoneal Cavity, Vessels, Nodes, and Abdominal Wall

2006 ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
William E. Brant
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity

scholarly journals Comparative study of inflammatory response and adhesions formation after fixation of different meshes for inguinal hernia repair in rabbits

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Goldenberg ◽  
Jacques Matone ◽  
Wagner Marcondes ◽  
Fernando Augusto Mardiros Herbella ◽  
José Francisco de Mattos Farah
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Mesh Fixation ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Preperitoneal Space ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: Compare, in a rabbit model, the inflammatory response and adhesions formation following surgical fixation of polypropilene and Vypro mesh in the inguinal preperitoneal space. METHODS: Fourteen male New Zealand rabbits, weighing between 2.000 to 2.500 g were used. A midline incision was made and the peritoneal cavity was exposed. The 2,0X1,0 cm polypropylene mesh was fixed in the left flank and secured to the margins with 3-0 prolene in a separate pattern. In the right flank, a 2,0X1,0 cm Vypro II mesh was sewn in the same way. After the post surgical period, the animals were again anesthetized and underwent laparoscopic approach, in order to identify and evaluate adhesions degree. Both fixed prosthesis were excised bilaterally with the abdominal wall segment, including peritoneum, aponeurosis and muscle and sent to a pathologist RESULTS: Operative time ranged from 15 to 25 minutes and no difficulties in applying the mesh were found. From the 14 polypropylene meshes fixed to the intact peritoneum, 11 had adhesions to the abdominal cavity (78,6%). Concerning Vypro mesh, 12 animals developed adhesions from the 14 with mesh fixation (85,7%). Histological examination of tissues harvested revealed fibroblasts, collagen, macrophages and lymphocytes between the threads of the mesh. CONCLUSION: Polypropylene and Vypro mesh, when implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rabbits provoke similar amount of adhesions. Vypro mesh tissues had higher fibrosis resulting in better mesh incorporation to the abdominal wall.

Pressure threshold for fluid loss from the peritoneal cavity

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. F377-F390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Flessner ◽  
A. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Pressure Threshold

Ascites or dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity causes fluid loss from the cavity to the body. Experiments in animals and in humans have shown that the fluid loss rate increases with large increments in the intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure (Pip). We hypothesized that there is a low-threshold Pip above which this fluid loss occurs. Because the full Pip force is exerted across the abdominal wall (AW), we further hypothesized that fluid movement into the abdominal wall would vary directly with the Pip. To address these questions, we dialyzed rats for 3 h in the supine position at constant levels of Pip with isotonic and hypertonic dialysis solutions containing a protein marker of fluid movement. We measured total fluid loss, AW fluid-marker concentration, and lymph flow. With variation of Pip from 0 to 8 cmH2O, we found that 1) lymph flows (0.61 +/- 0.03 ml/h) were not dependent on Pip, 2) measured isotonic fluid loss rate varied from 0.29 +/- 0.06 ml/h at 0 cmH2O to 0.62 +/- 0.02 at 2 cmH2O and then rose in a linear fashion to 5.06 +/- 0.10 ml/h at 8 cmH2O, 3) fluid movement into the AW paralleled the measured fluid loss rate, and 4) protein clearance from the cavity overestimated the true fluid loss because of adsorption of the marker to the peritoneal surface. We conclude that, although peritoneal lymph flow is not dependent on intraperitoneal hydrostatic or osmotic pressure, fluid loss from the cavity and fluid loss to the abdominal wall are directly proportional to Pip > 2 cmH2O. We also note that protein markers of fluid movement require correction for tissue surface adsorption for accurate results.

scholarly journals Screening of Fetal Thorax and Abdomen

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Alimentary Tract

ABSTRACT Ultrasonic screening was studied in the congenital and acquired disorders of fetal thorax cavity, diaphragm, lung and heart; those of fetal peritoneal cavity, liver, alimentary tract, abdominal wall; those of fetal kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder; and those of fetal genital organs.

Ultrasonography of the General Abdomen: Peritoneal Cavity, Bowel and Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall

1980 ◽  
pp. 412-451
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Mancuso ◽  
Dennis A. Sarti ◽  
W. Frederick Sample
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity

scholarly journals Ovarian rupture. Internal bleeding. Fatefulness with a favorable outcome

1898 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
N. Kakushkin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Internal Bleeding ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Long Time ◽  
P 53

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: French.Depage. Rupture de Fovaire. Hemorrhagie intraperi- toneale foudroyante. Laparotomie. Guerison. - (Annales de la Societe Beige de chirurgie. 15 avril 1898. p. 53) .- Rupture of the ovary. Internal bleeding. Fatefulness with a favorable outcome.The young saint for 2-3 days suffered from pain in the abdomen, which were attributed to inflammation of the peritoneum on the basis of inflammation of the vermiform process of the small intestine. Then the patient suddenly showed signs of a rapid decline in strength and signs of internal bleeding. An opening of the abdominal wall was performed immediately. The entire peritoneal cavity was filled with blood clots, the source of bleeding could not be found for a long time.

In vivo hydraulic conductivity of muscle: effects of hydrostatic pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. H2774-H2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Rasheid Zakaria ◽  
Joanne Lofthouse ◽  
Michael F. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Interstitial Pressure ◽  
Fluid Flux ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Local Loss

We and others have shown that the loss of fluid and macromolecules from the peritoneal cavity is directly dependent on intraperitoneal hydrostatic pressure (Pip). Measurements of the interstitial pressure gradient in the abdominal wall demonstrated minimal change when Pipwas increased from 0 to 8 mmHg. Because flow through tissue is governed by both interstitial pressure gradient and hydraulic conductivity ( K), we hypothesized that K of these tissues varies with Pip. To test this hypothesis, we dialyzed rats with Krebs-Ringer solution at constant Pipof 0.7, 1.5, 2.2, 3, 4.4, 6, or 8 mmHg. Tracer amounts of125I-labeled immunoglobulin G were added to the dialysis fluid as a marker of fluid movement into the abdominal wall. Tracer deposition was corrected for adsorption to the tissue surface and for local loss into lymphatics. The hydrostatic pressure gradient in the wall was measured using a micropipette and a servo-null system. The technique requires immobilization of the tissue by a porous Plexiglas plate, and therefore a portion of the tissue is supported. In agreement with previous results, fluid flux into the unrestrained abdominal wall was directly related to the overall hydrostatic pressure difference across the abdominal wall (Pip= 0), but the interstitial pressure gradient near the peritoneum increased only ∼40% over the range of Pip= 1.5–8 mmHg (20–28 mmHg/cm). K of the abdominal wall varied from 0.90 ± 0.1 × 10−5cm2⋅ min−1⋅ mmHg−1at Pip= 1.5 mmHg to 4.7 ± 0.43 ×10−5cm2⋅ min−1⋅ mmHg−1on elevation of Pipto 8 mmHg. In contrast, for the same change in Pip, abdominal muscle supported on the skin side had a significantly lower range of fluid flux (0.89–1.7 × 10−4vs. 1.9–10.1 × 10−4ml ⋅ min−1⋅ cm−2in unsupported tissue). The differences between supported and unsupported tissues are likely explained in part by a reduced pressure gradient across the supported tissue. In conclusion, the in vivo hydraulic conductivity of the unsupported abdominal wall muscle in anesthetized rats varies with the superimposed hydrostatic pressure within the peritoneal cavity.

scholarly journals DRENAJE QUIRÚRGICO EXTRAPERITONEAL DE ABSCESO DEL PSOAS: FUNDAMENTO ANATÓMICO. Drenaje quirúrgico extraperitoneal de absceso del psoas: Fundamento anatómico

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Alejandro M Russo ◽  
Alejandra Garretano ◽  
Andrés Pouy ◽  
Gabriela Wagner ◽  
Juan M Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Extraperitoneal Approach ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Formalin Fixed

El espacio extraperitoneal se encuentra delimitado por el peritoneo parietal y las paredes de la cavidad abdómino-pélvica. Al igual que la cavidad peritoneal este espacio puede ser asiento de diversas colecciones, como ser hematomas, tumores y supuración. Con el advenimiento de las nuevas técnicas de imagen, se ha contribuido no solo al mejor diagnóstico de estas patologías sino también a su mejor manejo. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la anatomía del abordaje extraperitoneal del comparti-miento del psoas y su aplicación al tratamiento de un paciente. Para esto se utilizaron 5 cadáveres adultos fijados previamente en solución en base a formol. Se realizó disección bilateral de la pared antero-lateral del abdomen reclinando la bolsa peritoneal para a continuación abordar el compartimiento del músculo psoas. Este conocimiento fue utilizado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de una paciente que consultó por un absceso del compartimiento del psoas derecho. En las preparaciones cadavéricas, se observó cómo al rebatir el peritoneo parietal se expone la totalidad del compartimiento muscular del psoas. Este procedi-miento fue realizado a la paciente consiguiendo el drenaje completo de la cavidad abscedada, quien tuvo una buena evolución y fue dada de alta a los 7 días. Los hallazgos demuestran una vez más como el conocimiento anatómico sigue estando vigente en la práctica clínica, siendo la comprensión del espacio extraperitoneal fundamental no solo para el anatomista sino también para el cirujano.  The retroperitoneal space is bounded by the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. Just like the peritoneal cavity, this region can host multiple effusions such as hematomas, tumors and suppuration. With the development of new radiological technics, both diagnosis and management of these conditions has improved. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the anatomy of the extraperitoneal approach of the psoas compartment and its application to a patient´s surgical treatment. For this purpose 5 formalin-fixed adult cadavers were used. Bilateral dissection of the antero-lateral abdominal wall was performed in every specimen. Once the parietal peritoneum was mobilized the psoas compartment was approached. This knowledge was used during the surgical treatment of a patient who attended to the emergency room with a right psoas compartment abscess. In the cadaveric specimens, the psoas muscular compartment was approached after mobilizing the parietal peritoneum medially. This procedure was carried out in the patient resulting in complete drainage of the purulent effusion. The patient had complete relief of the symptoms and was discharged 7 days after the procedure. These findings show that the anatomic knowledge is still important in clinical practice. Understanding the extraperitoneal space is crucial for both anatomists and surgeons. 

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